车前子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的干燥成熟种子。夏、秋二季种子成熟时采收果穗，晒干，搓出种子，除去杂质。
Plantain Seed is the dried mature seed of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantaginaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the seed is ripe, removed from the spike, dried, and the impurities are removed.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形、不规则长圆形或三角状长圆形，略扁，长约2mm，宽约1mm。表面黄棕色至黑褐色，有细皱纹，一面有灰白色凹点状种脐。质硬。气微，味淡。
Seeds elliptical, irregularly oblong or triangular oblong, slightly compressed, about 2 mm long and about 1 mm wide. Surface yellowish-brown to blackish-brown, with fine wrinkles, one side with grayish-white depressed hilum. Texture hard. Odour, slight; taste, bland.

鉴别 Identification

（1） 车前 粉末深黄棕色。种皮外表皮细胞断面观类方形或略切向延长，细胞壁黏液质化。种皮内表皮细胞表面观类长方形，直径5～19μm，长约至83μm，壁薄，微波状，常作镶嵌状排列。内胚乳细胞壁甚厚，充满细小糊粉粒。
　　(1) Psyllium Powder dark yellowish brown. The outer epidermal cells of the testa are square or slightly tangentially prolonged in cross-section, and the cell walls are mucilaginous. The inner epidermal cells of the testa are oblong in surface view, 5-19μm in diameter, about 83μm in length, thin-walled, microwave-like, often arranged in a mosaic. The endosperm cell wall is very thick, full of fine powdery grains.

平车前 种皮内表皮细胞较小，直径5～15μm，长11～45μm。
The endosperm cells of the seed coat are smaller, 5-15 μm in diameter and 11-45 μm long.

（2） 取本品粗粉1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取京尼平苷酸对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1ml各含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸-水（18∶2∶1.5∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；喷以0.5%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1g of crude powder of this product, add 10ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 2ml of methanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Another take jingnipin sapogenins control product, mullein control product, add methanol were made into 1ml each containing 1mg of solution, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 5μl, were spotted on the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, ethyl acetate - methanol - formic acid - water (18:2:1.5:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet light (254nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, spots of the same colour were shown on the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control article; sprayed with 0.5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heated at 105℃ until the spots showed clear colour.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

膨胀度 Swelling index

取本品1g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于4.0。
Take 1g of the sample, weigh accurately, and determine the swelling index according to the method for determination of swelling index <2101>. It should not be less than 4.0.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.5%醋酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按京尼平苷酸峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol as mobile phase A and 0.5% acetic acid solution as mobile phase B. Perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; detect at a wavelength of 254nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinic acid should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取京尼平苷酸对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加60%甲醇制成每1ml各含0.1mg的混合溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of artemisinic acid reference substance and artemisinin reference substance, weigh accurately, place them in a brown volumetric flask, and add 60% methanol to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.1mg of each substance per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入60%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用60%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1g of the powder of the sample (passed through a No. 2 sieve), weigh accurately, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of 60% methanol, weigh accurately, heat under reflux for 2 hours, cool, weigh accurately again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含京尼平苷酸（C16H22O10）不得少于0.50%，毛蕊花糖苷（C29H36O15）不得少于0.40%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of artemisinic acid (C16H22O10) should not be less than 0.50%, and the content of artemisinin (C29H36O15) should not be less than 0.40%.

饮片 Prepared slices

车前子 Plantago seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Remove impurities.

性状 Appearance

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

盐车前子 Prepared Plantago seed with salt

炮制 Processing

取净车前子，照盐水炙法（通则0213）炒至起爆裂声时，喷洒盐水，炒干。
Take the clean psyllium, according to the salt water roast method (General rule 0213) fried until the sound of bursting, sprayed with salt water, fried dry.

性状 Appearance

本品形如车前子，表面黑褐色。气微香，味微咸。
This product is shaped like psyllium, with dark brown surface. Slightly fragrant, slightly salty taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 10.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过9.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 9.0 per cent.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过3.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 3.0 per cent.

膨胀度 Swelling index

取本品1g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于3.0。
Take 1g of the sample, weigh accurately, and determine the swelling index according to the method for determination of swelling index <2101>. It should not be less than 3.0.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含京尼平苷酸（C16H22O10）不得少于0.40%，毛蕊花糖苷（C29H36O15）不得少于0.30%。
Same as the crude drug, the content of artemisinic acid (C16H22O10) should not be less than 0.40%, and the content of artemisinin (C29H36O15) should not be less than 0.30%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。
Meridian tropism: liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine.

功能 Actions

清热利尿通淋，渗湿止泻，明目，祛痰。
Clear heat, diuretic, promote urination, and relieve stranguria; leach dampness and stop diarrhea; improve vision and eliminate phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于热淋涩痛，水肿胀满，暑湿泄泻，目赤肿痛，痰热咳嗽。
Used for hot stranguria with pain, edema and fullness, summer dampness diarrhea, red and swollen eyes, and phlegm-heat cough.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15g.

用法 Administration

包煎。
Decocted in a wrapped package.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.

车前子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的干燥成熟种子。夏、秋二季种子成熟时采收果穂，晒干，搓出种子，除去杂质。
Plantain Seed is the dried ripe seed of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantaginaceae). The fruit-spike is collected in summer and autumn when the seed is ripe, and dried in the sun. The seed is rubbed out and removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形、不规则长圆形或三角状长圆形，略扁，长约2mm，宽约1mm。表面黄棕色至黑褐色，有细皱纹，一面有灰白色凹点状种脐。质硬。气微，味淡。
Ellipsoid, irregularly oblong or triangular oblong, slightly flattened, about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide. Externally yellowish-brown to dark brown, with fine wrinkles, and a greyish-white concave pointed hilum on one side. Texture hard. Odour, slight； taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）车前
粉末深黄棕色。种皮外表皮细胞断面观类方形或略切向延长，细胞壁黏液质化。种皮内表皮细胞表面观类长方形，直径5～19μm，长约至83μm，壁薄，微波状，常作镶嵌状排列。内胚乳细胞壁甚厚，充满细小糊粉粒。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

膨胀度 Swelling Capacity

取本品1g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于4.0。
Weigh accurately 1 g of the drug, carry out the method for determination of sweling capacity<2101>. Not less than 4.0.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.5%醋酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按京尼平苷酸峰计算应不低于3000。

时间（分钟） 流动相A（%） 流动相B（%）

0～1
1～40
40～50 5
5→60
5 95
95→40
95

对照品溶液的制备
取京尼平苷酸对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加60%甲醇制成每1ml各含0.1mg的混合溶液，即得。

饮片 Prepared slices

车前子 Plantain Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate foreign matter.

性状 Description

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

盐车前子 Plantaginis Semen (processed with salt)

取净车前子，照盐水炙法（通则0213）炒至起爆裂声时，喷洒盐水，炒干。
Stir-bake the clean Plantaginis Semen as described under the method for processing with salt-water<0213> until it cracks, spray with salt-water and stir-bake to dryness.

本品形如车前子，表面黑褐色。气微香，味微咸。
It is similar to plantain seed in shape, externally dark brown. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly salty.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过9.0%。
Not more than 9.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过3.0%。
Not more than 3.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

膨胀度 Swelling Capacity

取本品1g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于3.0。
Weigh accurately 1 g of the drug, carry out the method for determination of swelling capacity<2101>, not less than 3.0.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含京尼平苷酸（C16H22O10）不得少于0.40%，毛蕊花糖苷（C29H36O15）不得少于0.30%。
As required for the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.40 per cent of geniposidic acid(CHO)and not less than 0.30 per cent of verbascoside(CHO).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，寒。归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。
Cold; sweet. Liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

清热利尿通淋，渗湿止泻，明目，祛痰。
To clear heat, disinhibit urine, relieve stranguria, drain dampness, stop diarrhea, improve vision, and dispel phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于热淋涩痛，水肿胀满，暑湿泄泻，目赤肿痛，痰热咳嗽。
Heat strangury with chronic pain, edema distention, fullness, and diarrhea caused by summerheat-dampness(CHO)red painful swelling eyes, and phlegm-heat cough.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～15g，包煎。
9-15 g, wrap-boiling.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.