According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I, this NMM is the dried rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling. After the stems and leaves wither in winter, they are harvested, cleaned, steamed or boiled until thoroughly cooked, then dried in the sun or at low temperature. The fibrous roots and impurities are then removed.
NMM ID | nmm-000t |
Systematic Name | Curcuma wenyujin Rhizome |
Systematic Chinese Name | 温郁金根茎（wēn yù jīn gēn jīng） |
Generic Name | Wen-yu-jin |
Generic Chinese Name | 温郁金（wēn yù jīn） |
Standardized Translation | Curcuma wenyujin Rhizome (NMM-000T, Wen-yu-jin) |
Standardized Chinese Translation | 温郁金根茎（NMM-000T，温郁金） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Curcuma wenyujin | 温郁金 |
Medicinal Parts | rhizome | 根茎 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I, this NMM is the dried rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling. After the stems and leaves wither in winter, they are harvested, cleaned, steamed or boiled until thoroughly cooked, then dried in the sun or at low temperature. The fibrous roots and impurities are then removed. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
莪术
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *
Overview
Curcuma Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis VaL., Curcuma kuuangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang, or Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected in winter after the stems and leaves wither, washed, steamed or boiled until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun or at a low temperature, and then the fibrous roots and impurities are removed.
Description
Curcuma phaeocaulis VaL.
Rhizomes oblong-ovate, oblong, conical or long fusiform, apex obtuse or acute, base rounded, 2-8 cm long, 1.5-4 cm in diameter. Surface greyish-yellow to greyish-brown, upper part with prominent nodes, with circular slightly concave root scars or remnants of rootlets, some with 1 row of depressed bud scars on each side and lateral rhizome scars resembling circular. Some may have knife-cut marks. Heavy, texture solid, fracture greyish-brown to bluish-brown, waxy, often with greyish-brown powder, cortex easily separated from central cylinder, endodermis ringed, brownish. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.
Curcuma kuuangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang
Nodes slightly prominent, fracture yellowish-brown to brown, often with pale yellow powder, endodermis ringed, yellowish-white.
Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling
Fracture yellowish-brown to brownish-brown, often with pale yellow to yellowish-brown powder. Odour fragrant or slightly fragrant.
Identification
（1）Transverse section: Cork cells in rows, sometimes removed. Cortex with scattered leaf trace vascular bundles; endodermis distinct. Central cylinder wider, vascular bundles exarch, scattered, smaller vascular bundles along the sheath of the central cylinder, arranged more closely. Thin-walled cells filled with masses of gelatinized starch grains, cells containing golden-yellow oily substances scattered in the parenchyma.
Powder yellow or brownish-yellow. Oil cells mostly broken, intact ones containing yellow oily secretions with a diameter of 62-110 μm. Vessels mostly spiral or ladder-like, with a diameter of 20-65 μm. Fibrous pits and canals distinct, with a diameter of 15-35 μm. Most starch grains gelatinized.
（2）To 0.5 g of the powder add 10 ml of petroleum ether (30-60 °C) in a stoppered centrifuge tube, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take gambogic acid CRS, dissolve in anhydrous ethanol to produce a solution containing 0.4 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (30-60 °C), acetone, and ethyl acetate (94: 5: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 1% solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid at 105 °C to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.
Examination
Absorbance
Take 30 mg of the powder, accurately weighed, place in a stoppered conical flask, add 10 ml of chloroform, treat with ultrasound for 40 minutes or soak for 24 hours, filter, transfer the filtrate to a 10 ml volumetric flask, dilute with chloroform to the mark, shake well, and determine the absorbance at 242 nm by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry <0401>. The absorbance should not be less than 0.45.
水分 ｜ Water
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.
Total ash
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 7.0 per cent.
Assay
Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>. The content of volatile oil in this product should not be less than 1.5% (ml/g).
Prepared slices
Curcuma Rhizome
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, steam until soft, cut into thick slices, and dry.
Description
Slices are oblong or elliptical in shape. The outer surface is greyish-yellow or greyish-brown, sometimes with nodes or root scars. The cut surface is yellowish-green, yellowish-brown, or brownish-brown, with distinct ringed endodermis and scattered "veins" small dots. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.
Assay
As required for the crude drug. The content of volatile oil in this product should not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).
鉴别 ｜ Identification
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.
Examination
As required for the crude drug.
Extractives
As required for the crude drug.
Curcumae Rhizoma (processed with vinegar)
Processing
Take clean Curcuma Rhizome, cook according to the vinegar boiling method <0213> until thoroughly cooked, remove, cool slightly, cut into thick slices, and dry.
Description
The product is similar to Curcuma Rhizome slices, with a deepened color, horny appearance, and a slight vinegar aroma.
含量测定 ｜ Assay
The content of volatile oil in this product should not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).
鉴别 ｜Identification
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.
Examination
As required for the crude drug.
Extractives
As required for the crude drug.
性 ｜ Property
Warm.
味 ｜ Flavor
Pungent, bitter.
Meridian tropism
Liver and spleen meridian.
功能 ｜ Actions
Promotes Qi circulation, breaks up blood stasis, resolves accumulations, and relieves pain.
Indications
Used for abdominal masses, stagnation of blood in the meridians, chest pain, and abdominal distension and pain.
Dosage
6-9 g.
用法 ｜ Administration
None.
Precautions
Not to be used during pregnancy.
Storage
Store in a dry place, protected from moth.
莪术
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Zedoray Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton, Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang or Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug derived from the last species is commonly known as “Wen Ezhu”. The drug is collected in winter when stem and leaves withered, washed clean, steamed or boiled thoroughly, dried in the sun or dried at a lower temperature, removed from fibrous roots and foreign matter.
Description
Rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis Ovoid, elongate ovoid, conical or elongate fusiform, apex frequently obtuse, base obtuse and rounded, 2-8 cm long, 1.5-4 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-yellow to greyish-brown, the upper part conspicuously raised-annulated and with rounded and slightly dented rootlet scars, or remaining rootlets, some exhibiting a row of concave bud scars and subrounded lateral rhizome scars on each of two sides, and some showing knife cut traces. Texture heavy and hard, fracture greyish brown to bluish-brown, waxy, usually attached with greyish-brown powder, bark and stele easily detachable, endodermal ring deep brown. Odour, slight aromatic; taste, slight bitter and pungent.
Identification
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，置具塞离心管中，加石油醚（30～60℃）10ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取吉马酮对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.4mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃）-丙酮-乙酸乙酯（94：5：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
Examination
Absorbance
Weigh accurately 30 mg of the medium powder, add 10 ml of chloroform, ultrasonicate for 40 minutes or macerate for 24 hours. filter. Transfer the filtrate into a 10 ml volumetric flask, add chloroform to volume, and mix well. Carry out the method for ultraviolet spectropbotometry and colourimetry <0401>, the resulting solution exhibits a maximum at 242 nm and the absorbance is not less than 0.45.
Water
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.
Total ash
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as solvent, not less than 7.0 per cent.
Assay
本品含挥发油不得少于1.5%（ml/g）。
Prepared slices
Curcumae Rhizoma
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter, soak slightly, wash clean, steam to be soft, cut into thick slices, and dry.
Assay
As required for the crude drug.
Identification
(Except for the transverse section) As required for the crude drug.
Curcumae Rhizoma (processed with vinegar)
Boil the Curcumae Rhizoma as described under the method for boiling with vinegar <0213> until vinegar is absorbed entirely, cool slightly, cut into thick slices, and dry. The shape similar to the slices, but deeper in colour, horny, slightly with vinegar odour.
Assay
As required for the crude drug.
Identification
(Except for the transverse section) As required for the crude drug.
Property
Warm; pungent, bitter.
Flavor
Bitter.
Meridian tropism
Liver and spleen meridians.
Actions
To move qi, break blood, eliminate accumulation and relieve pain.
Indications
Abdominal masses, glomus, blood-stasis amenorrhea, chest bi disorder and heart pain, food retention with distending pain.
Administration and dosage
6-9 g.
Precautions and Warnings
Contraindicated during pregnancy.
Storage
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.
Product Information
This product is the dried rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling, commonly known as "Wen Ezhu".
Harvesting and Processing
After the stems and leaves wither in winter, they are harvested, cleaned, steamed or boiled until thoroughly cooked, then dried in the sun or at low temperature. The fibrous roots and impurities are then removed.