款冬花

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

Overview

Coltsfoot Flower is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in December or before the ground freezes, when the flowers have not yet emerged, removed from the peduncle and sand, and dried in the shade.

Description

The drug is cylindrical, long and round. It is solitary or 2-3 connected at the base, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. The upper end is thicker, the lower end gradually becomes thinner or has a short stalk, and the outer surface is covered with many fish scale-like bracts. The outer surface of the bracts is purplish-red or pale red, and the inner surface is densely covered with white woolly hairs. The body is light, and white woolly hairs can be seen when torn. It has a fragrant odor, and a slightly bitter and pungent taste.

Identification

(1) The powder is brown. There are more non-glandular hairs, which are single cells twisted and coiled into clusters with a diameter of 5-24μm. The glandular hairs are slightly club-shaped, with 4-8 cells in the head and 2 rows of cells in the stalk. The pollen grains are small, spherical, with a diameter of 25-48μm, and the surface has spines and 3 germination pores. The corolla hairs are branched, each branch is a single cell, and the tip is gradually pointed. The secretory cells are round or elongated, containing yellow secretions.

(2) To 1g of the powder add 20 ml of ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Coltsfoot Flower, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take the reference substance Coltsfoot Ketone, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and acetone(6:1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-5 μl of each of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 2 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution.

Extractives

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 20.0 per cent.

Content determination

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (85:15) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 220nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of Coltsfoot Ketone should not be less than 5000.

Preparation of reference solution

Preparation of reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of Coltsfoot Ketone reference substance, accurately weigh, add the mobile phase to make a solution containing 50μg per ml, and set aside.

Preparation of test solution

Preparation of test solution: Take about 1g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of the drug, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20ml of ethanol, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 200W, frequency 40kHz) for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight lost with ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate, which is the test solution.

Assay method

Method: Precisely aspirate 20μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

Calculated on the dried product, it contains not less than 0.070% of Coltsfoot Ketone (C23H34O5).

Prepared slices

Farfara Flos

Processing

Eliminate Foreign matter and residual peduncle.

Description

Same as the herb.

Identification

Same as the herb.

Extractives

Same as the herb.

Assay

Same as the herb.

Farfara Flos (processed with honey)

Processing

Take the clean Farfara Flos, according to the honey-roasted method <0213>, fried with honey water until not sticky.

Description

This product is shaped like Farfara Flos, the surface is brownish yellow or brown, slightly sticky. It has honey aroma and slightly sweet taste.

Extractives

Same as the herb, not less than 22.0 per cent.

Identification

Same as the herb.

Assay

Same as the herb.

Property

warm.

Flavor

Pungent, mild bitter.

Meridian tropism

Lung meridian.

Actions

To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, suppress cough and resolve phlegm.

Indications

Used for cough with phlegm, asthma with cough and abundant phlegm, and cough with blood due to lung deficiency.

Dosage

5-10 g.

Administration

None.

Storage

Store in a dry place, moisture-proof, and moth-proof.

款冬花

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

Overview

Common Coltsfoot Flower is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in December or before the ground is frozen while the flower is still under the ground, removed from pedicels and soil, and dried in shade.

Description

Long clavate. Solitary or 2-3 accreted at the base, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. The upper part broader and the lower part gradually slender or pedicelled, enclosed by numerous scaly bracts. The outer surface of bracts purplish-red or pale red,inner surface densely covered with white flocky hairs. Light, showing white hairs after ripping.Odour,aromatic;taste,slightly bitter and pungent.

Identification

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取款冬花对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。另取款冬酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各2～5μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-丙酮（6：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，再以同一展开剂展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

Examination

Water

Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

Total ash

Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

Extractives

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201,the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

Assay

Assay Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0502>.

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（85：15）为流动相；检测波长为220nm。理论板数按款冬酮峰计算应不低于5000。

取款冬酮对照品适量，精密称定，加流动相制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇20ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率200W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

It contains not less than 0.070 per cent of tussilagone (C23H34O5) ,calculated with reference to the dried drug.

Prepared slices

Common Coltsfoot Flower

Processing

Eliminate foreign matter and residual pedicels.

Common Coltsfoot Flower (processed with honey)

Processing

Stir-bake the clean Common Coltsfoot Flower as described under the method for stir-baking with honey<0213> until it is no longer sticky to fingers.

Similar to the crude drug in shape, externally brownish-yellow or brown, slightly sticky; odour, honey-aromatic; taste, slightly sweet.

Extractives

Extractives Not less than 22.0 per cent as required for the crude drug.

Identification

Identification As required for the crude drug.

Assay

Assay As required for the crude drug.

Property and Flavor

Warm; pungent, mild bitter. Meridian tropism: Lung meridian.

Actions and Indications

To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, suppress cough, and resolve phlegm. Indicated for acute and chronic cough, wheezing and cough with profuse sputum, cough caused by consumptive disease with hemoptysis.

Administration and Dosage

5-10 g.

Storage

Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moisture and moth.