野菊花

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

Overview

Wild Chrysanthemum Flower is the dried inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in autumn or winter when the flowers begin to bloom, dried in the sun, or steamed and then dried.

Description

The drug is spherical or nearly so, measuring 0.3-1 cm in diameter, and brownish-yellow. The involucre consists of 4-5 layers of bracts; the outer bracts are ovate or linear, with the middle part of the outer surface grayish-green or pale brown, usually covered with white hairs, and the margin membranous; the inner bracts are elongate-elliptical, membranous, and hairless on the outer surface. The base of the involucre often has remnants of the receptacle. The ligulate florets are in one row, yellow to brownish-yellow, wrinkled and curled; the tubular florets are numerous and deep yellow. The drug is light in weight. It has a fragrant odor and a bitter taste.

Identification

To 0.3 g of the powder add 15 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, cool, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug of Wild Chrysanthemum Flower, weighing 0.3 g, by the same method. Prepare a solution of luteolin as the reference solution, dissolving an appropriate amount in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.2 mg per ml. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using a solution of ethyl acetate-butanoic acid-water (2:1:1) as the upper layer of the mobile phase and silica gel G as the coating substance. Apply separately to the plate 3 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 2% solution of aluminum chloride in ethanol, dry with hot air, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference solution.

Examination

Water

Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

Total ash

Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

Acid-insoluble ash

Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

Assay

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; use methanol-water-acetic acid (26:23:1) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 334 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated from the peak of luteolin should not be less than 3000.

Preparation of reference solution

Weigh an appropriate amount of luteolin CRS accurately, dissolve in methanol (if necessary, heat), and prepare a solution containing 25 μg per ml.

Preparation of test solution

Weigh about 0.25 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the test drug accurately, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, add methanol 100 ml accurately, weigh, heat under reflux for 3 hours, cool, weigh again, make up the loss in weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

Method of assay

Accurately draw 20 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

Calculate the content of luteolin (C28H32O14) in the dried drug. It should not be less than 0.80%.

Property

Slightly cold.

Flavor

Bitter, pungent.

Meridian tropism

Liver and Heart meridians.

Actions

To clear heat, detoxify, relieve fire, and soothe the liver.

Indications

Used for carbuncles, furuncles, swelling and pain of the eyes, headache, and dizziness.

Dosage

9-15 g. Apply externally in appropriate amounts.

Administration

Decoction of soup for external wash or made paste for external application.

Storage

Store in a cool and dry place, protected from moisture and insects.

野菊花

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

Overview

Wild Chrysanthemum Flower is the dried capi-ulum of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected at the early stage of flowering in autumn and winter, and dried in the sun or dried after steaming.

Description

Subspherical, 0.3-1 cm in diameter, brow-nish-yellow. Involucre consisting of 4-5 rows of bracts, the outer bracts oval or strip-shaped, the middle part of the outer surface greyish-green or pale brown in the centre, often covered with white hairs, margin scarious； the inner bracts elongated-elliptical, scarious, hairs absent on the outer surface. Remaining pedicel at the base of involucre. Ligulate florets 1 whorl, yellow, crumpled and rolled； tubular florets numerous, deep yellow. Texture light. Odour, aromatic； taste, bitter.

Identification

To 0.3 g of the powder add 15 ml of methanol, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, cool and filter, use the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution with 0.3 g of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Dissolve buddleoside CRS in methanol to produce a solution of 0.2 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using polyamide as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate, butanone, chloroform, formic acid and water (15: 15: 6: 4: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 3 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in hot air, spray with a 2% solution of aluminium muriate, dry in hot air and examine under ultra-violet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

Examination

Water

Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

Total ash

Not more than 9.0 per cent<2302>.

Acid-insoluble ash

Not more than 2.0 per cent<2302>.

Assay

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 | Chromatographic system and system suitability

Use octa-decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, water and glacial acetic acid (52: 46: 2) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 334 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 3000, calculated with reference to the peak of buddleoside CRS.

对照品溶液的制备 | Reference solution

Dissolve a quantity of buddleoside CRS, dried previously over phosphorous pentoxide in vacuum (50℃) to constant weight and weighed accurately, in methanol (heat if necessary) to produce a solution of 25 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 | Test solution

Weigh accurately 0.25 g of the powder (through No.3 sieve) in a stoppered conical flask, add 100 ml of methanol, accurately measured, weigh accurately and heat under reflux for 3 hours, allow to cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of the weight with methanol, and mix well. Filter with a 0.45 μm microporous film and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 | Procedure

Inject accurately 20 μl of each of the two solutions into the column, and calculate the content.

It contains not less than 0.80 per cent of buddleoside (C28H32O14), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

Property and Flavor

Mild cold； bitter, pungent. Liver and heart meridians.

Actions and Indications

To clear heat, remove toxin, purge fire and pacify the liver. Deep-rooted boil and sore, swelling abscess, red painful swelling eyes, headache and dizziness.

Administration and dosage

9-15 g. Appropriate amount for topical application. Decocted for bathing or made into paste for topical application.

Storage

Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture and moth.