徐长卿

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

Overview

Cynanchum Paniculatum Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag. (Fam. Asclepiadaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from impurities, and dried in the shade.

Description

Rhizomes irregularly cylindrical, with nodes, 0.5-3.5 cm long, 2-4 mm in diameter. Some with residual stem at the apex, slender cylindrical, about 2 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, hollow in the cross-section; several roots arise from the nodes. Roots slender and cylindrical, curved, 10-16 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Surface pale yellowish-white to pale brownish-yellow or brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and with slender rootlets. Texture brittle, easily broken, fracture mealy; bark whitish or yellowish-white, forming a ring, wood small. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly pungent and cool.

Identification

(1)The powder is light grayish-brown. The surface view of the outer epidermal cells is polygonal, the periclinal wall is finely undulate, and there are a type of square-shaped small cells between the cells, which are lignified; the side view is oblong, and some cells have thickened radial walls with fine striations. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals have a diameter of 7-45 μm. Secretory cells are round or elongated, containing pale yellowish-brown secretions. The cells of the endodermis are rectangular and the periclinal walls are finely undulate.

(2) Take 1g of powder, add 10ml of ether, tight plug, shake for 10 minutes, filter, filtrate evaporate, residue with acetone 1ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Also take the control of salvinorin, add acetone to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the test solution 5μl, control solution 10μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, cyclohexane - ethyl acetate (3:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with hydrochloric acid acid 5% ferric chloride ethanol solution, heated until the spots show clear colour. In the chromatogram of the test article, the same blue-brown spots were shown in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control article.

(3) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of ether, close the plug, shake for 10 minutes, filter, filtrate evaporation, residue with acetone 1ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Take 1g of control herb of Xu Changqing, and make control herb solution by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 5μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, cyclohexane - trichloromethane - ethyl acetate (10:2:0.8) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated to 105 ℃ until the spots are clear and clear, respectively, placed in the sunlight and ultraviolet light (365 nm) to check. In the chromatogram of the test material, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control material, the spots of the same colour or fluorescent spots.

Examination

Water

Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

Total ash

Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

Acid-insoluble ash

Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

Extractives

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.

Assay

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; methanol-water (45:55) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength at 274 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated from the peak of paeonol should not be less than 3000.

Preparation of reference solution

Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of paeonol reference standard, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 20 μg per ml.

Preparation of test solution

Accurately weigh about 0.5 g of the coarse powder of the test material, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of methanol, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250 W, frequency 33 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the loss in weight with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately measure 1 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and set aside.

Method

Accurately draw 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

Calculate the content of paeonol (C9H10O3) in the dried drug, which should not be less than 1.3%.

Prepared slices

Cynanchum Paniculatum

Processing

Eliminate Foreign matter, quickly wash, cut into sections, and dry in the shade.

Description

This product is in irregular segments. The rhizome is nodding and surrounded by numerous roots. Roots cylindrical, surface yellowish white to light brownish yellow or brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles. Flourish, white or yellowish-white cortex, light brown formation of the layer ring, the wood is fine. Aromatic, slightly pungent and cool flavour.

Identification

Same as the crude drug.

Property

Warm.

Flavor

Pungent.

Meridian tropism

Liver and stomach meridians.

Actions

To dispel wind, eliminate dampness, relieve pain, and stop itching.

Indications

Used for rheumatic arthralgia, stomach pain and distension, toothache, lumbago, injuries from falls and blows, wind rash, and eczema.

Dosage

3-12 g.

Administration

Add when the decoction is nearly done.

Storage

Preserve in a cool and dry place.

徐长卿

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

Overview

Paniculate Swallowwort Root is the dried root and rhizome of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag. (Fam. Asclepiadaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the shade.

Description

Rhizomes irregular cylindrical, knotty, 0.5- 3.5 cm long, 2-4 mm in diameter. Sometimes apex with remains of stem, slenderly cylindrical, about 2 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, fracture hollowed; the nodes of rhizome surrounded by numerous roots. Roots slenderly cylindrical, curved, 10-16 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Externally pale yellowish-white to pale brownish yellow, or brown; with fine longitudinal wrinkles and fibrous roots. Texture fragile, easily broken, fracture starchy, bark whitish or yellowish-white, cambium ring pale brown, wood small, Odour, aromatic taste, pungent and cool.

Identification

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加丙酮1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取丹皮酚对照品，加丙酮制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5μl、对照品溶液10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（3：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以盐酸酸性5%的三氯化铁乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的蓝褐色斑点。

Examination

Water

Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

Total ash

Not more than 10.0 D per cent <2302>.

Acid-insoluble ash

Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

Extractives

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 10.0 per cent.

Assay

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

Storage

Preserve in a cool and dry place.

Prepared slices

Paniculate Swallowwort

Processing

Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean rapidly, cut into sections, and dry in the shade.

Property

Warm; pungent.

Flavor

Pungent and cool.

Meridian tropism

Liver and stomach meridians.

Actions

To dispel wind, resolve dampness, relieve pain, and relieve itching.

Indications

Painful bi disorder caused by wind-dampness, stomachache, distention and fullness, toothache, lumbago, pain caused by traumatic injuries, rubella, and eczema.

Dosage

3-12g, added when the decoction is nearly done.

Storage

Preserve in a cool and dry place.