This product is the dried mature seeds of the Convolvulaceae plant Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy or Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt. At the end of autumn, when the fruit is mature and the husk has not cracked, the plant is harvested, dried, the seeds are knocked down, and impurities are removed.
NMM ID | nmm-01hp |
Systematic Name | Ipomoea nil vel purpurea Seed |
Systematic Chinese Name | 牵牛或圆叶牵牛种子（qiān niú huò yuán yè qiān niú zhǒng zi） |
Generic Name | Qian-niu-zi |
Generic Chinese Name | 牵牛子（qiān niú zi） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Ipomoea nil | 牵牛orIpomoea purpurea | 圆叶牵牛 |
Medicinal Parts | seed | 种子 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried mature seeds of the Convolvulaceae plant Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy or Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt. At the end of autumn, when the fruit is mature and the husk has not cracked, the plant is harvested, dried, the seeds are knocked down, and impurities are removed. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
牵牛子
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Pharbitis Seed is the dried mature seed of Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy or Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt (Fam. Convolvulaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature but the pericarp is not yet split, removed from the plant, dried in the sun, and the seeds are separated and impurities are removed.
Description
Seeds resembling orange petals, 4-8 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; surface greyish-black or pale yellowish-white, with a shallow longitudinal groove on the back and a slightly concave point-shaped hilum at the lower end of the ventral ridge; texture hard; transverse section showing pale yellow or yellowish-green wrinkled and folded cotyledons, slightly oily. Odour, slight; taste, pungent, bitter, and tingling.
Identification
(1) Take the drug, soak it in water, and the seed coat will crack. When kneaded by hand, it feels sticky and slippery.
(2) The powder is pale yellowish-brown. The epidermal cells of the seed coat are dark brown, irregular in shape, and the walls are wavy. Non-glandular trichomes are single-celled, yellowish-brown, slightly curved, 50-240 μm long. There are secretory cavities in the cotyledon fragments, which are round or elliptical, with a diameter of 35-106 μm. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals have a diameter of 10-25 μm. Fragments of reticulate tissue and bright bands are sometimes visible.
(3) Take 1g of the powder, place it in a Soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of petroleum ether (60-90°C), heat under reflux for 2 hours, discard the petroleum ether, evaporate the solvent from the residue, add a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (3:1) to extract for 6 hours, recover the solvent to 5ml, and use it as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Pharbitis Seed and prepare a solution of the reference drug in the same way. Take caffeic acid CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of dichloromethane, methanol, and formic acid (93:9:4) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10-20 μl of each of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 3 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of phosphomolybdic acid, heat at 110°C to the spots clear. The blue-black spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position to those in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.
Examination
Water
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.
Prepared slices
Pharbitis Seed
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter, and crush before use.
Description
Same as the crude drug.
Identification
Same as the crude drug.
Examination
Same as the crude drug.
Extractives
Same as the crude drug.
stir-fried pharbitis Seed
Processing
Take clean pharbitis seeds, according to the method of stir-frying (Tongzhi 0213), stir-fry until slightly bulging. Pound it when used.
Description
Seeds resembling Pharbitis Seed, blackish-brown or yellowish-brown on the surface, slightly swollen. Slightly aromatic.
Examination
Water
Same as the drug, not more than 8.0 per cent.
Total ash
Same as the drug.
Extractives
Same as the drug, not less than 12.0 per cent.
Identification
(In addition to microscopic powder) Same as the drug.
Property
Cold.
Toxicity
Toxic.
Flavor
Bitter.
Meridian tropism
Lung, Kidney, and Large Intestine meridians.
Actions
To promote diuresis and relieve constipation, resolve phlegm and clear fluid, kill parasites and eliminate accumulation.
Indications
Used for edema, abdominal distension, constipation, phlegm-fluid retention, rebellious qi, wheezing and coughing, and abdominal pain due to intestinal parasites.
Dosage
3-6 g.1.5～3g each time.
Administration
To be decocted for oral administration,
Precautions
Not to be used by pregnant women; not to be used together with Croton Seed and Croton Tiglium.
Storage
Preserve in a dry place.
牵牛子
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Pharbitis Seed is the dried ripe seed of Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy or Pharbitis pupurea (L.) Voigt (Fam. Convolvulaceae). The plant is cut up in the late autumn when the fruit is ripe but not dehiscent, dried in the sun. The seed is tapped out, and removed from foreign matter.
Description
Orange segment-shaped, 4-8mm long, 3-5mm wide. Externally greyish-black or yellowish-white. Dorsal side with 1 shallow longitudinal furrow and ventral side with a pointed and slightly dented hilum at the lower end of rib. Texture hard, in transverse section, pale yellow or yellowish-green crumpled and folded cotyledons visible, slightly oily. Odour, slight; taste, pungent, bitter and numb.
Identification
(2)本品粉末淡黄棕色。种皮表皮细胞深棕色，形状不规则，壁波状。非腺毛单细胞，黄棕色，稍弯曲，长50～240μm。子叶碎片中有分泌腔，圆形或椭圆形，直径35～106μm。草酸钙簇晶直径10～25μm。栅状组织碎片和光辉带有时可见。
Examination
Water
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the cold maceration method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives (2201), using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.
Prepared slices
Pharbitis Seed
Processing
Pharbitis Seed is processed by eliminating foreign matter. It should be broken into pieces before use.
Description
Description and Identification as required for the crude drug.
Stir-baked Pharbitis Seed
Stir-bake the clean Pharbitis Seed as described under the method for simple stir-baking<0213> to slightly inflated. It should be broken into pieces before use.
Pharbitis Seed
Similar to Pharbitis Seed in shape, externally blackish-brown or yellowish-brown, slightly inflated, with a weak scent.
【浸出物】 同药材，不得少于12.0%。
Property and Flavor
Cold; bitter; toxic. Meridian tropism: Lung, kidney, and large intestine meridians.
Actions and Indications
To purge water, open the bowels, resolve phlegm and fluid retention, kill worms, and remove accumulation. It is used for edema distention, fullness, constipation, annuria, phlegm-fluid retention, abdominal masses, panting and cough caused by qi countflow, and abdominal pain caused by worm accumulation.
Administration and Dosage
3-6 g. Used in pills or powder, 1.5-3g per time.
Precautions
Contraindicated for pregnant women. Incompatible with Crotonis Fructus and Semen Crotonis Pulveratum.
Storage
Preserve in a dry place.
This product is the dried mature seeds of the Convolvulaceae plant Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy or Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt. At the end of autumn, when the fruit is mature and the husk has not cracked, the plant is harvested, dried, the seeds are knocked down, and impurities are removed.