According to the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition, Volume I), this product is the dried mature fruit of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis), a plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. The fruits are harvested from September to November when they ripen and turn reddish-yellow. After removing the fruit stalks and impurities, the fruits are steamed until steam rises or briefly blanched in boiling water, then removed and dried.
NMM ID | nmm-01g8 |
Systematic Name | Gardenia jasminoides Fruit |
Systematic Chinese Name | 栀子果实（zhī zi guǒ shí） |
Generic Name | Zhi-zi |
Generic Chinese Name | 栀子（zhī zi） |
Standardized Translation | Gardenia jasminoides Fruit (NMM-01G8, Zhi-zi) |
Standardized Chinese Translation | 栀子果实（NMM-01G8，栀子） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Gardenia jasminoides | 栀子 |
Medicinal Parts | fruit | 果实 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried mature fruit of the plant Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a member of the Rubiaceae family. The fruit is harvested between September and November when it matures to a red-yellow color. The fruit stem and impurities are removed, then it is steamed until it is heated through or slightly scalded in boiling water, then removed and dried. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
栀子
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Gardenia Fruit is the dried mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Fam. Rubiaceae). The fruit is collected when it is ripe and turns red-yellow in color from September to November. After removing the stalk and impurities, it is steamed until it is slightly hot or blanched in boiling water, then taken out and dried.
Description
The fruit is oblong-ovate or elliptical, measuring 1.5-3.5cm long and 1-1.5cm in diameter. The surface is red-yellow or reddish-brown, with 6 wing-like longitudinal ridges, often with 1 obvious longitudinal vein and branches. The apex retains calyx lobes, the base is slightly pointed, and the residual fruit stalk is present. The fruit peel is thin and brittle, with a slight luster; the inner surface is lighter in color and glossy, with 2-3 raised false septa. There are numerous seeds, which are flattened-ovate and clustered together, with a deep red or red-yellow color and a surface covered with small wart-like protrusions. It has a slight odor and a slightly sour and bitter taste.
Identification
（1）The powder of this product is reddish-brown. The stone cells of the inner pericarp are elongated, circular, or triangular, often arranged in alternating layers or connected with fibers, with a diameter of 14-34μm and a length of about 75μm, and a wall thickness of 4-13μm; the cell cavity often contains calcium oxalate prisms. The inner pericarp fibers are slender and fusiform, with a diameter of about 10μm and a length of about 110μm, often arranged in a staggered and obliquely embedded pattern. The stone cells of the seed coat are yellow or light brown, with a long polygonal, rectangular, or irregular shape, a diameter of 60-112μm, a length of up to 230μm, a thick wall, large reticulate pores, and a reddish-brown cell cavity. The calcium oxalate cluster crystal has a diameter of 19-34μm.
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of 50% methanol, and sonicate for 40 minutes. Filter and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference material of Gardenia Fruit and prepare a solution of the reference material using the same method. Take Gardenoside CRS and prepare a solution containing 4mg per ml as the reference solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> using the above three solutions, with 2μl of each solution spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. Use ethyl acetate-acetone-formic acid-water (5:5:1:1) as the mobile phase, develop, remove, and dry the plate. In the chromatogram of the test solution, yellow spots appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference material; then spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol and heat at 110°C until the spots are clearly visible. In the chromatogram of the test solution, spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatograms of the reference material and the reference solution.
Examination
Water
Not more than 8.5 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
Heavy metals and harmful elements
Determined by the method of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper (atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) <2321>. The lead content should not exceed 5mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 1mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; the copper content should not exceed 20mg/kg.
Content determination
Determined by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Using octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; acetonitrile-water (15:85) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength at 238nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of gardenoside should not be less than 1500.
Preparation of reference solution
Take an appropriate amount of Gardenoside CRS, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 30μg per ml, and set aside.
Preparation of test solution
Take about 0.1g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of this product, accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of methanol, weigh it, sonicate for 20 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, and filter. Accurately take 10ml of the filtrate, place it in a 25ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and set aside.
Determination method
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.
Calculated on the dried product, the content of gardenoside (C17H24O10) should not be less than 1.8%.
Prepared slices
Gardenia Fruit
Processing
Eliminate Foreign matter, grind.
Description
This product is in irregular pieces. The surface of the peel is reddish-yellow or brownish-red, and some can see wing-like longitudinal ridges. The seeds are numerous, oblate-oval, dark red or reddish-yellow. The gas is slight, and the taste is slightly sour and bitter.
Identification
Same as the crude drug.
Examination
Same as the crude drug.
Content determination
Same as the crude drug.
Fried Gardenia Fruit
Processing
Take the clean Gardenia Fruit and fry it until it is yellow-brown according to the stir-fry method <0213>.
Description
This product is shaped like a gardenia fragment and is yellow-brown.
Content determination
Same as the crude drug, the content of gardenoside (C17H24O10) should not be less than 1.5%.
Identification
Water
Same as the crude drug.
Total ash
Same as the crude drug.
Examination
Water
Same as the crude drug.
Total ash
Same as the crude drug.
Property
Cold.
Flavor
Bitter.
Meridian tropism
Heart, lung, and triple energizer meridians.
Actions
To clear heat and relieve restlessness, clear heat and promote diuresis, cool blood and detoxify; externally used to reduce swelling and relieve pain.
Indications
Used for restlessness due to fever, damp-heat jaundice, stranguria with pain, vomiting of blood due to blood heat, redness, swelling and pain of the eyes, and fire-toxin sores and ulcers; externally used for sprains and pain.
Dosage
6-10g. For external use, take an appropriate amount of the raw product.
Administration
Ggrind it into powder, and apply it topically.
Storage
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.
栀子
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Cape Jasmine Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Fam. Rubiaceae). The drug is collected from September to November when it turns reddish-yellow, removed from the fruit stalk and foreign matter, steamed thoroughly or treated with boiling water for a moment, then dried.
Description
Prolate-ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-3.5 cm long. 1-1.5 cm in diameter. The outer surface reddish-yellow or brownish-red, with 6 longitudinal winged ribs and a conspicuous longitudinal and branched vein between two ribs. Summit bearing remains of sepals, base somewhat tapering and having a remain of fruit stalk. Pericarp thin and brittle, somewhat lustrous; the inner surface relatively pale in colour, lustrous. with 2-3 raised false septa. Seeds numerous, flattened-ovoid, aggregated into a mass, deep red or reddish-yellow, with fine and dense warts on the surface. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour and bitter.
Identification
（2）取本品粉末1g，加50%甲醇10ml，超声处理40分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取栀子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取栀子苷对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含4mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-丙酮-甲酸-水（5：5：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的黄色斑点；再喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
Examination
Water
Not more than 8.5 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
Assay
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（15：85）为流动相；检测波长为238nm。理论板数按栀子苷峰计算应不低于1500。
取栀子苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含30μg的溶液，即得。
取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液10ml，置25ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
It contains not less than 1.8 per cent of gardenoside (C17H24O10), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
Prepared slices
Cape Jasmine
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter and grind to pieces.
In irregular pieces. The outer surface reddish-yellow or brownish-red, some with 6 longitudinal winged ribs. Seeds numerous, flattened-ovoid, dark red or reddish-yellow. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour and bitter.
Identification
Examination
Assay
As required for the crude drug.
Stir-baked Cape Jasmine
Stir-bake the clean Cape Jasmine as described under the method for simple stir-baking <0213> until its outer part turns to yellowish brown.
Similar to the processed slices in shape.
Assay
As required for the crude drug. It contains not less than 1.5 per cent of gardenoside (C17H24O10), following the method for the crude drug.
Property and Flavor
Cold; bitter.
Actions
To purge fire to relieve vexation, clear heat and drain dampness, cool the blood, remove toxin; topical application: disperse swelling and relieve pain. Indicated for febrile disease with vexation, dampness-heat jaundice, stranguria with slow pain, blood heat with hematemesis, red painful swelling eye, fire-toxin sore and ulcer; topical application: sprain and contusions.
Administration and dosage
6-10 g. Topical application: appropriate amount of unprocessed, ground into powder for application.
Storage
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.
This Natural Herb
This product is the dried mature fruit of the plant Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a member of the Rubiaceae family.
Harvesting and Processing
The fruit is harvested between September and November when it matures to a red-yellow color. The fruit stem and impurities are removed, then it is steamed until it is heated through or slightly scalded in boiling water, then removed and dried.