This product is the dried rootstock of the Araliaceae plant, Panax japonicus C.A.Mey. It is harvested in autumn, with the main root and outer skin removed, then dried.
NMM ID | nmm-00wi |
Systematic Name | Panax japonicus Rhizome |
Systematic Chinese Name | 竹节参根茎（zhú jié cān gēn jīng） |
Generic Name | Zhu-jie-shen |
Generic Chinese Name | 竹节参（zhú jié cān） |
Standardized Translation | Panax japonicus Rhizome (NMM-00WI, Zhu-jie-shen) |
Standardized Chinese Translation | 竹节参根茎（NMM-00WI，竹节参） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Panax japonicus | 竹节参 |
Medicinal Parts | rhizome | 根茎 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried rootstock of the Araliaceae plant, Panax japonicus C.A.Mey. It is harvested in autumn, with the main root and outer skin removed, then dried. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
竹节参
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Rhizoma Panacis Japonici is the dried rhizome and root of Panax japonicus C.A.Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from the main root and bark, and dried.
Description
Rhizome cylindrical, slightly curved, some with fleshy lateral roots, 5-22cm long, 0.8-2.5cm in diameter; surface yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with dense longitudinal wrinkles and root scars; nodes distinct, internodes 0.8-2cm long, each node with 1 depressed stem scar; texture hard, fracture yellowish-white to pale yellow-brown, yellow dot-like vascular bundles arranged in a ring; odour, slight; taste, bitter followed by slight sweetness.
Identification
（1）Cross-section of this product: The cork layer is 2~10 rows of cells. The cortex is slightly wider, with a few secretory tracts. The vascular bundles are externally tough, arranged in a ring-like pattern, and the cambium layer forms a loop. Occasionally, the secretory tract is seen in the phloem. The xylem bundles are slightly arranged in 2~4 rows radially, and some are arranged in a single row; Wood fibers are often 1~4 bundles, and some fiber bundles have larger lignified thick-walled cells next to them. There is a medulla in the center. The parenchyma cells contain many calcium oxalate clusters, with a diameter of 17~70μm, and contain starch granules.
Powder yellowish-white to yellowish-brown. Wood fibres in bundles, about 25 μm in diameter, walls slightly thickened, with oblique fissures, some crossing to form a herringbone pattern. Calcium oxalate clusters numerous, about 15-70μm in diameter. Laticiferous vessels, reticulate vessels or vessels with bordered pits, about 20-70 μm in diameter. Fragments of resin canals occasionally seen, containing yellowish masses. Fragments of cork tissue cells polygonal, rectangular or irregular, walls thickened. Numerous starch grains, mostly single, nearly spherical, about 10μm in diameter, some already gelatinized.
（2）To about 0.2g of the powder add 25ml of 60% methanol, treat under ultrasound for 40 min, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution containing 1mg per ml of ginsenoside Ro CRS and a solution containing 1mg per ml of ginsenoside IVa CRS in 60% methanol as the Reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, methanol, formic acid and water (4.5:1.5:0.1:0.3) as the lower layer solution. Apply separately to the plate 10μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solutions.
Examination
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Assay
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler, acetonitrile as mobile phase A, 0.15% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase B, gradient elution was carried out as specified in the table below, the column temperature was 40°C, and the detection wavelength was 203nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 10,000 according to the ginsenoside Ro peak.
Preparation of reference solution
Take an appropriate amount of ginsenoside Ro reference substance and bamboo ginsenoside IVa reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add 60% methanol respectively to make a solution containing 1.0mg per ml.
Preparation of test solution
Take about 0.2g of the powder of this product (through the No. 2 sieve), weigh it accurately, place it in a plugged Erlenmeyer flask, add 25ml of 60% methanol accurately, weigh it, sonicate it at 25 °C (power 500W, frequency 28kHz) for 40 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate to obtain it.
Assay method
20μl of the reference solution and the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and measured.
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the content of ginsenoside Ro (C48H76O19) and bamboo saponin IV.a (C42H66O14) shall not be less than 1.5% respectively.
Prepared slices
Rhizoma Panacis Japonici
Processing
Crush before use.
Property
Warm.
Flavor
Sweet and slightly bitter.
归经 | Meridian tropism
Liver, spleen, and lung meridians.
Actions
To promote blood circulation and stop bleeding, reduce swelling and relieve pain, resolve phlegm and stop coughing, and tonify deficiency and strengthen the body.
Indications
Used for cough with blood-streaked sputum, injuries from falls or blows, cough with excessive phlegm, and post-illness weakness.
Dosage
6-9g.
Administration
None.
Storage
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.
竹节参
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Japanese Ginseng is the dried rhizome of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from the main root, peeled, and dried.
Description
Slightly cylindrical, somewhat curved. some with fleshy laternal roots, 5-22 cm long, 0.8-2.5 cm in diameter. Externally yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with dense transverse wrinkles and root scars. Nodes conspicuous, internodes 0.8-2 cm long, each showing a dented stem scar. Texture hard, fracture yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, showing yellow dotted vascular bundles arranged in a ring. Odour, slight taste, bitterish and then slightly sweet.
Identification
粉末黄白色至黄棕色。木纤维成束，直径约25µm，壁稍厚，纹孔斜裂缝状，有的交叉呈人字形。草酸钙簇晶多见，直径15～70µm。梯纹导管、网纹导管或具缘纹孔导管直径20～70µm。树脂道碎片偶见，内含黄色块状物。木栓组织碎片细胞呈多角形、长方形或不规则形，壁厚。淀粉粒众多，多单粒，呈类圆形，直径约10µm，或已糊化。
Examination
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Prepared slices
Japanese Ginseng
Processing
Pound to pieces before use.
Property
Warm.
Flavor
Sweet and mild bitter.
Meridian tropism
Liver, spleen, and lung meridians.
Actions
To dissipate stasis, stanch bleeding, disperse swelling, relieve pain, dispel phlegm, suppress cough, replenish and strengthen the body after diseases.
Indications
Cough caused by consumptive disease, hemoptysis, traumatic injuries, cough, profuse sputum, and weakness after recovering from an illness.
Dosage
6-9 g.
Administration
None.
Storage
Preserve in a ventilated place and protect from moth.
Botanical Source
This product is the dried rootstock of the Araliaceae plant, Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.
It is harvested in autumn, with the main root and outer skin removed, then dried.