This product is the dried rhizome of the ginger plant, Curcuma Longa L. It is harvested in winter when the stems and leaves wither, cleaned, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the fibrous roots are removed.
NMM ID | nmm-0017 |
Systematic Name | Curcuma longa Rhizome |
Systematic Chinese Name | 姜黄根茎（jiāng huáng gēn jīng） |
Generic Name | Jiang-huang |
Generic Chinese Name | 姜黄（jiāng huáng） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Curcuma longa | 姜黄 |
Medicinal Parts | rhizome | 根茎 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried rhizome of the ginger plant, Curcuma Longa L. It is harvested in winter when the stems and leaves wither, cleaned, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the fibrous roots are removed. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
姜黄
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *
Overview
Turmeric Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected in winter when the stem and leaves wither, removed from rootlets, washed clean, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the rootlets removed.
Description
Rhizomes irregularly ovate, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, often curved, some with short forked branches, 2-5 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter; externally deep yellow, rough, with wrinkled texture and distinct nodes, and circular branch scars and rootlet scars; texture hard, not easily broken, fracture brownish-yellow to golden yellow, horny, with a waxy luster; inner bark with distinct ring-like markings, vascular bundles scattered in dots. Odour, characteristically aromatic; taste, bitter and pungent.
Identification
（1）Transverse section of the rhizome: epidermal cells flattened, walls thin. Cortex wide, with leaf trace vascular bundles; 6-8 rows of cork cells near the outer epidermis, flattened; endodermal cells with Casparian strips distinct. Inner sheath of the vascular bundle 1-2 rows of thin-walled cells; vascular bundles exarch, scattered, more near the inner sheath, gradually decreasing inward. Thin-walled cells contain oil droplets, starch grains, and reddish-brown pigments.
（2）To 0.2 g of the powder add 20 ml of anhydrous ethanol, shake for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take 0.2 g of the reference drug of turmeric, prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Take curcumin CRS, add anhydrous ethanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-formic acid (96: 4: 0.7) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 4 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.
Examination
Water
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.
Total ash
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 12.0 per cent.
Assay
Volatile oil Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>.
It contains not less than 7. 0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil.
Curcumin
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 4% solution of glacial acetic acid (48: 52) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 430 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 4000, calculated with reference to the peak of curcumin.
Preparation of reference solution
Weigh accurately a quantity of curcumin CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 10 μg per ml.
Preparation of test solution
Weigh accurately 0.2 g of the powder to a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 10 ml of methanol and weigh. Heat under reflux for 30 minutes, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with methanol, mix well and centrifuge. Measure accurately 1 ml of the supernatant to a 20 ml volumetric flask, dilute with methanol to volume and mix well.
Assay method
Inject accurately 5 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.
It contains not less than 1.0 per cent of curcumin (C21H20O6), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
Prepared slices
Turmeric
Processing
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.
性状 ｜ Description
In irregular or subrounded thick slices. Externally dark yellow, sometimes annular nodes visible. Cut surface brownish-yellow to golden yellow, horny, with an obvious endodermis ring, dotted vascular bundles scattered. Odour, characteristic and aromafic; taste, bitter and astringent.
Identification
As required for the crude drug.
Examination
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
总灰分 ｜ Total ash
As required for the crude drug.
Extractives
As required for the crude drug.
Assay
It contains not less than 5.0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil and 0.90 per cent of curcumin (C21H20O6), following the method for the crude drug.
Property
Warm.
Flavor
Bitter and pungent.
Meridian tropism
Spleen and liver meridians.
Actions
To promote blood circulation and regulate Qi, regulate menstruation and relieve pain.
Indications
Used for stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, chest pain, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, abdominal masses, rheumatic shoulder and arm pain, and traumatic swelling and pain.
Dosage
3-10 g. For external use, appropriate amount.
Administration
None.
Storage
Preserve in a cool and dry place.
姜黄
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Turmeric is the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected in winter when the aerial part withers, washed clean, boiled or steamed thoroughly, dried in the sun and removed from fibrous roots.
Description
Irregularly ovoid, cylindrical or fusiform, frequently curved, some shortly branched in Y-shape, 2-5 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter. Externally dark yellow, rough, with wrinkled striations and distinct annulations, and exhibiting some rounded scars of branched rhizomes and fibrous root scars. Texture hard, uneasily broken, fracture brownish-yellow to golden-yellow, homy with wax lustre, endodermis ring distinct, scattered with dotted vascular bundles. Odour, characteristic and aromatic; taste, bitter and pungent.
Identification
（2）取本品粉末0.2g，加无水乙醇20ml，振摇，放置30分钟，滤过， 滤液蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取姜黄对照药材0.2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取姜黄素对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则 0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各4μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-甲酸（96：4：0.7）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，分别显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
Examination
Water
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method>.
Total ash
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 12.0 per cent.
Assay
Volatile oil
本品含挥发油不得少于7.0%（ml/g）。
Curcumin
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-4%冰醋酸溶液（48：52）为流动相；检测波长为430nm。理论板数按姜黄素峰计算应不低于4000。
Prepared slices
Turmeric
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices and dry in the sun.
Property
Warm; pungent, bitter.
Flavor
Bitter.
Meridian tropism
Spleen and liver meridians.
Actions
To break blood, move qi, unblock the meridians and relieve pain.
Indications
Stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, chest bi disorder and heart pain, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, abdominal masses, aching pain in the shoulder and arm caused by wind-dampness, swelling and pain caused by traumatic injuries.
Dosage
3-10 g; Appropriate amount for topical application.
Storage
Preserve in a cool and dry place.
This product is the dried rhizome of the ginger plant, Curcuma Longa L. It is harvested in winter when the stems and leaves wither, cleaned, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the fibrous roots are removed.