狼毒

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Euphorbia Root is the dried root of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata or Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, sliced, and dried.
本品为大戟科植物月腺大戟Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata或狼毒大戟Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，切片，晒干。

Description 性状

Euphorbia ebracteolata 月腺大戟

Irregularly shaped or elongated pieces, measuring 1.5-8 cm in diameter and 0.3-4 cm in thickness. Outer surface thin, yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, easily peeled off to expose the yellowish cork. Cut surface yellowish-white, with yellowish irregular marble-like texture or ring-like pattern. Light in weight, brittle in texture, easily broken, and powdery on the fractured surface. Odour, slight; taste, slightly pungent.
为类圆形或长圆形块片，直径1.5～8cm，厚0.3～4cm。外皮薄，黄棕色或灰棕色，易剥落而露出黄色皮部。切面黄白色，有黄色不规则大理石样纹理或环纹。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面有粉性。气微，味微辛。

Euphorbia fischeriana 狼毒大戟

Outer surface brownish-yellow, cut surface with blackish-brown texture or ring-like pattern. Sticky after soaking in water, visible sticky filaments when torn.
外皮棕黄色，切面纹理或环纹显黑褐色。水浸后有黏性，撕开可见黏丝。

Identification 鉴别

Euphorbia ebracteolata 月腺大戟

(1)Powder yellowish white. Numerous starch grains, single grains spherical, elongated or semi-circular, measuring 3-34 μm in diameter, with hilum fissure-like, herringbone-like or star-like, faintly visible large-grain layer striations; compound grains consisting of 2-5 grains; half-compound grains easily visible. Reticulate vessels with bordered pits, measuring 18-80 μm. Laticiferous vessels mostly fragmented, containing droplet-like secretions scattered; sometimes laticiferous vessels filled with yellow secretions.
（1）粉末黄白色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒球形、长圆形或半圆形，直径3～34μm，脐点裂隙状、人字状或星状，大粒层纹隐约可见；复粒由2～5粒组成；半复粒易见。网状具缘纹孔导管18～80μm 。无节乳管多碎断，所含的油滴状分泌物散在;有时可见乳管内充满黄色分泌物。

Euphorbia fischeriana 狼毒大戟

Powder yellowish brown.Single starch grains up to 24 μm in diameter, compound grains consisting of 2-7 grains, few half-compound grains. Reticulate vessels with bordered pits, measuring 102 μm. Latex colorless.
粉末黄棕色。淀粉粒单粒直径至24μm，复粒由2～7粒组成，半复粒少见。网状具缘纹孔导管102μm，乳汁无色。

(2)To 2 g of the coarse powder add 30 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug Euphorbia fischeriana in the same manner as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.
（2）取本品粗粉2g，加乙醇30ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取狼毒对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（8.5∶1.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105C加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

Examination 检查

Impurities 杂质

Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.
不得过2%（通则2301）。

Water 水分

Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过9.0%（通则2302）。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过4.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 18.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Euphorbia Root（unprepared） 生狼毒

Processing 炮制

Eliminate impurities, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.
除去杂质，洗净，润透，切片，晒干。

Description 性状

Euphorbia ebracteolata 月腺大戟

Irregularly shaped or elongated pieces. Outer surface thin, yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, easily peeled off to expose the yellowish cork. Cut surface yellowish-white, with yellowish-white to yellowish-brown irregular marble-like texture or ring-like pattern. Light in weight, brittle in texture, easily broken, and powdery on the fractured surface. Odour, slight; taste, slightly pungent.
本品为类圆形、长圆形或不规则块片。外皮薄，黄棕色或灰棕色，易剥落而露出黄色皮部。切面黄白色，有淡黄白色至黄棕色不规则大理石样纹理或环纹。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面有粉性。气微，味微辛。

Euphorbia fischeriana 狼毒大戟

Outer surface brownish-yellow, cut surface with blackish-brown texture or ring-like pattern. Sticky after soaking in water, visible sticky filaments when torn.
外皮棕黄色，切面纹理或环纹显黑褐色。水浸后有黏性，撕开可见黏丝。

Vinegar-treated Euphorbia Root 醋狼毒

Processing 炮制

Take clean Euphorbia Root and fry them dry according to the vinegar method <0213>.
取净狼毒片，照醋制法（通则0213）炒干。

For every 100 kg of Euphorbia Root, use 30-50 kg of vinegar.
每100kg狼毒片，用醋30～50kg。

Description 性状

The drug is similar to Euphorbia Root. It is slightly darker in color and has a slight vinegar aroma.
本品形如狼毒。颜色略深，闻之微有醋香气。

Examination 检查

Total ash 总灰分

Same as the herb,not more than 7.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过7.0%。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Same as the herb,not more than 1.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过1.0%。

Water 水分

Same as the herb.
同药材。

Extractives 浸出物

Same as the herb,not less than 20.0 per cent.
同药材，不得少于20.0%。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the herb.
同药材。

Property 性

Neutral.
平。

Toxicity 毒性

Toxic.
有毒

Flavor 味

Pungent.
辛。

Meridian tropism 归经

Liver and spleen meridians.
归肝、脾经。

Actions 功能

To disperse nodules and kill parasites.
散结，杀虫。

Indications 主治

To disperse nodules and kill parasites. Used externally for lymphadenitis, tinea, and maggot infestation.
外用于淋巴结核、皮藓；灭蛆。

Dosage 用量

None.
无。

Administration 用法

Decocted for external application.
熬膏外敷。

Precautions 注意

Not to be used with Mitosan.
不宜与密陀僧同用。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place, protected from moth.
置通风干燥处，防蛀。

狼毒

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Bracteole-lacked Euphorbia Root is the dried root of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata or Euphorbia fischeriana Steud (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The drug is collected in autumn and spring, washed clean, cut into slices, and dried in the sun.
本品为大戟科植物月腺大戟Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata或狼毒大戟 Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，切片，晒干。

Description 性状

Root of Euphorbia ebracteolata Subrounded or oblong pieces or slices, 1.5-8 cm in diameter, 0.3-4 cm in thickness. Outer bark thin, yellowish-brown or greyish-brown, easily exfoliated and exposed the yellow inner bark. Cut surface yellowish-white, bearing yellow irregular marbly striations or annular rings. Texture light and fragile, easily broken, fracture starchy. Odour, slight; taste slightly pungent.
月腺大戟 为类圆形或长圆形块片，直径1.5～8cm，厚0.3～4cm。外皮薄，黄棕色或灰棕色，易剥落而露出黄色皮部。切面黄白色，有黄色不规则大理石样纹理或环纹。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面有粉性。气微，味微辛。

Root of Euphorbia fischeriana Outer bark brownish-yellow, cut surface bearing blackish-brown striations or annular rings. Showing viscousness after soaked in water, viscous threads visible when tom.
狼毒大戟 外皮棕黄色，切面纹理或环纹显黑褐色。水浸后有黏性，撕开可见黏丝。

Identification 鉴别

(1) Powder: Root of Euphorbia ebrac-teolata Yellowish-white. Starch granules numerous, single granules spherical, oblong or semirounded, 3-34 μm in diameter, hilum cleft, V-shaped or stellated, striations faint visible in large ones; compound granules of 2-5 components; semi-compound granules easily found. Reti-culate bordered pitted vessels 18-80 μm in diameter. Nonarticulate laticiferous tubes mostly broken, oil drops scattered; sometimes yellow secretions full of the tube.
（1）月腺大戟 粉末黄白色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒球形、长圆形或半圆形，直径3～34μm，脐点裂隙状、人字状或星状，大粒层纹隐约可见；复粒由2～5粒组成；半复粒易见。网状具缘纹孔导管18～80μm。无节乳管多碎断，所含的油滴状分泌物散在；有时可见乳管内充满黄色分泌物。狼毒大戟粉末黄棕色。淀粉粒单粒直径至24μm，复粒由2～7粒组成，半复粒少见。网状具缘纹孔导管102μm，乳汁无色。

(2) To 2 g of the coarse powder add 30 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool and filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 2 g of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (8.5 : 1.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105℃ to spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots obtained with the reference drug solution.
（2）取本品粗粉2g，加乙醇30ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取狼毒对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（8.5：1.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

Examination 检查

Foreign matter 杂质

Not more than 2 per cent <2301>.
不得过2%（通则2301）。

Water 水分

Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过9.0%（通则2302）。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过4.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 18.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Bracteole-lacked Euphorbia 狼毒

Processing 炮制

Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix (unprepared) Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slices and dry in the sun.
生狼毒 除去杂质，洗净，润透，切片，晒干。

Euphorbiae Ebraeteolatae Radix (stir-baked with vinegar) Stir-bake the slices of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix as described under the method of stir-baking with vinegar <0213> to dryness. To each 100 kg of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix add 30-50 kg of vinegar.
醋狼毒 取净狼毒片，照醋制法（通则0213）炒干。

The shape similar to the crude drugs, externally somewhat deeper in colour, slightly with vinegar odour.
每100kg狼毒片，用醋30～50kg。本品形如狼毒。颜色略深，闻之微有醋香气。

Examination 检查

Total ash 总灰分

Same as the crude drug, not more than 7.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过7.0%。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Same as the crude drug, not more than 1.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过1.0%。

Extractives 浸出物

Same as the crude drug, not less than 20.0 per cent.
同药材，不得少于20.0%。

Identification 鉴别

【性味与归经】辛，平；有毒。归肝、脾经。
【检查】（水分）同药材。