乳香

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Olibanum is the resinous exudate obtained from the bark of the trunk of Boswellia carterii Birdw. and its congeneric species Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw. (Fam. Burseraceae). It is classified into Somali Olibanum and Ethiopian Olibanum, and each kind is further divided into Olibanum Pearl and Raw Olibanum.
本品为橄榄科植物乳香树Boswellia carterii Birdw.及同属植物Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw.树皮渗出的树脂。分为索马里乳香和埃塞俄比亚乳香，每种乳香又分为乳香珠和原乳香。

Description 性状

The drug occurs as long-ovoid, tear-shaped, or nearly globular tears or irregular masses of variable size. The larger ones are up to 2 cm long (Olibanum Pearl) or 5 cm long (Raw Olibanum). The surface is yellowish-white, translucent, and covered with a yellowish-white powder, which becomes darker on storage. The texture is brittle and softens on heating. The fractured surface is glassy or waxy. It has a characteristic odour and a slightly bitter taste.
本品呈长卵形滴乳状、类圆形颗粒或粘合成大小不等的不规则块状物。大者长达2cm（乳香珠）或5cm（原乳香）。表面黄白色，半透明，被有黄白色粉末，久存则颜色加深。质脆，遇热软化。破碎面有玻璃样或蜡样光泽。具特异香气，味微苦。

Identification 鉴别

(1) The product is oily when burning, with black smoke and aroma; it is ground into white or yellowish-white emulsion by adding water.
（1）本品燃烧时显油性，冒黑烟，有香气；加水研磨成白色或黄白色乳状液。

(2)
（2）

Somali Olibanum 索马里乳香

Take the volatile oil under [Content Determination], add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 2.5mg per 1ml, as a test solution. Take a-pinene control, add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 0.8mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the gas chromatography (General rule 0521) test, with polyethylene glycol (PEG-20M) capillary column, the procedure of heating; the initial temperature of 50 ℃, held for 3 minutes, at a rate of 25 ℃ per minute to 200 ℃, held for 1 minute; the inlet temperature of 200 ℃, the detector temperature of 220 ℃, the shunt ratio of 20: 1. Theoretical plate number according to the calculation of the a-pinene peak should not be less than 7000 The theoretical plate count should be not less than 7000 according to the peak of a-pinene. 1μl each of control solution and test solution was taken and injected into the gas chromatograph. The chromatogram of the test solution should show the same retention time as that of the peak of the control solution.
取〔含量测定〕项下挥发油适量，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含2.5mg的溶液，作为供试品溶液。另取a-蒎烯对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.8mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照气相色谱法（通则0521）试验，以聚乙二醇（PEG-20M）毛细管柱，程序升温；初始温度50℃，保持3分钟，以每分钟25℃的速率升温至200℃，保持1分钟；进样口温度为200℃，检测器温度为220℃，分流比为20：1。理论板数按a-蒎烯峰计算应不低于7000，分别取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各1μl，注入气相色谱仪。供试品溶液色谱中应呈现与对照品溶液色谱峰保留时间相一致的色谱峰。

Ethiopian Olibanum 埃塞俄比亚乳香

Take octyl acetate control product, add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 0.8mg per 1ml, as the control solution. The same as Somalia frankincense identification method test, the test solution should be presented in the chromatogram and the control solution peak retention time of the chromatographic peaks consistent with the chromatographic peaks.
取乙酸辛酯对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.8mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。同索马里乳香鉴别方法试验，供试品溶液色谱中应呈现与对照品溶液色谱峰保留时间相一致的色谱峰。

Examination 检查

Impurities 杂质

Not more than 2% for Olibanum Pearl, and not more than 10% for Raw Olibanum <2301>.
乳香珠不得过2%，原乳香不得过10%（通则2301）。

Assay 含量测定

Somali Olibanum should contain not less than 6.0% (ml/g) of volatile oil, and Ethiopian Olibanum should contain not less than 2.0% (ml/g) of volatile oil.
取本品20g，精密称定，照挥发油测定法（通则2204甲法）测定。

Somali Olibanum shall contain not less than 6.0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil and Ethiopian Olibanum shall contain not less than 2.0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil.
索马里乳香含挥发油不得少于6.0%（ml/g），埃塞俄比亚乳香含挥发油不得少于2.0%（ml/g）。

Prepared slices 饮片

Vinegar-processed Olibanum 醋乳香

Processing 炮制

Take clean Olibanum and stir-fry it according to the method of vinegar processing <0213> until the surface is shiny.
取净乳香，照醋炙法（通则0213）炒至表面光亮。

For every 100kg of Olibanum, use 5kg of vinegar.
每100kg乳香，用醋5kg。

Property 性

Warm.
温。

Flavor 味

Pungent and bitter.
辛、苦，

Meridian tropism 归经

Heart, liver, and spleen meridians.
归心、肝、脾经。

Actions 功能

To promote blood circulation and relieve pain, reduce swelling and generate new tissue.
活血定痛，消肿生肌。

Indications 主治

Used for chest pain due to blood stasis, epigastric pain, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, postpartum blood stasis, abdominal pain due to masses, rheumatic arthralgia, spasm of tendons and vessels, traumatic injury, carbuncles, swelling, and sores.
用于胸痹心痛，胃脘疼痛，痛经经闭，产后瘀阻，癥瘕腹痛，风湿痹痛，筋脉拘挛，跌打损伤，痈肿疮疡。

Dosage 用量

3-5 g；Apply externally in appropriate amounts.
3～5g；外用适量。

Administration 用法

Decocted in soup or in pills or powder; powdered and applied.
煎汤或入丸、散；研末调敷。

Precautions 注意

Use with caution in pregnant women and those with weak stomach.
孕妇及胃弱者慎用。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a cool and dry place.
置阴凉干燥处。

乳香

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Olibanum is the dried resin exuding from the bark of Boswellia carterii Birdw. or Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw. (Fam. Burseraceae). The drug is divided into Somalia olibanum and Ethiopia olibanum, each of which is divided into olibanum drops and born olibanum again.
本品为橄榄科植物乳香树Boswellia carterii Birdw.及同属植物Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw.树皮渗出的树脂。分为索马里乳香和埃塞俄比亚乳香，每种乳香又分为乳香珠和原乳香。

Description 性状

Elongated ovoid-droplike nipples, subrounded grains or agglutinated into irregular pieces which varying in size, the large one up to 2 cm (olibanum drops) or 5 cm (born olibanum) in length. Externally yellowish-white, translucent, covered with yellow dustlike powder. Texture fragile, softening when heating, broken surface with glass-like or waxy luster. With characteristic aromatic odour; taste slightly bitter.
本品呈长卵形滴乳状、类圆形颗粒或粘合成大小不等的不规则块状物。大者长达2cm（乳香珠）或5cm（原乳香）。表面黄白色，半透明，被有黄白色粉末，久存则颜色加深。质脆，遇热软化。破碎面有玻璃样或蜡样光泽。具特异香气，味微苦。

Identification 鉴别

（2）索马里乳香
（1）本品燃烧时显油性，冒黑烟，有香气；加水研磨成白色或黄白色乳状液。

Examination 检查

Foreign matter 杂质

Not more than 2 per cent for olibanum drops and 10 per cent for born olibanum <2301>.
乳香珠不得过2%，原乳香不得过10%（通则 2301）。

Assay 含量测定

Weigh accurately 20 g of the powder, carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204, method 1>.
取本品20g，精密称定，照挥发油测定法（通则2204甲法）测定。

Prepared slices 饮片

Olibanum 乳香

Processing 炮制

Stir-bake the clean Olibanum as described under the method for stir-baking with vinegar <0213> to lustrous on surface.
取净乳香，照醋炙法（通则0213）炒至表面光亮。

Property 性

Warm.
温。

Flavor 味

Pungent and bitter.
辛、苦。

Meridian tropism 归经

Heart, liver, and spleen meridians.
归心、肝、脾经。

Actions 功能

To activate the blood, relieve pain, disperse swelling, and promote tissue regeneration.
活血定痛，消肿生肌。

Indications 主治

Chest bi disorder, heart pain, pain in stomach duct, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, postpartum stasis and obstruction, abdominal pain caused by masses, painful bi disorder caused by wind-dampness, hypertonicity of the sinews and vessels, traumatic injuries, swelling abscess, sore and ulcer.
胸痹心痛，胃脘疼痛，痛经经闭，产后瘀阻，癥瘕腹痛，风湿痹痛，筋脉拘挛，跌打损伤，痈肿疮疡。

Dosage 用量

Decocted or used in pills and powder, 3-5 g. Appropriate amount for topical application, ground into powder for applying it to pars affecta.
煎汤或入丸、散，3～5g；外用适量，研末调敷。

Precautions and Warnings 注意

Used with caution during pregnancy and in patients with weak stomach.
孕妇及胃弱者慎用。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a cool and dry place.
置阴凉干燥处。