金果榄

English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Tinospora Root is the dried tuberous root of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. or Tinospora capillipes Gagnep. (Fam. Menispermaceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter, removed from fibrous roots, washed clean, and dried in the sun.
本品为防己科植物青牛胆Tinospora sagittata（Oliv.）Gagnep. 或金果榄Tinospora capillipes Gagnep. 的干燥块根。秋、冬二季采挖，除去须根，洗净，晒干。

Description 性状

Tinospora Root is irregularly rounded or irregularly shaped tuberous pieces, 5-10 cm long and 3-6 cm in diameter. The surface is brownish-yellow or light brown, rough and uneven, with deep wrinkles. The texture is hard and not easily crushed or broken. The transverse section is pale yellowish-white, with slightly radiating arrangement of vascular bundles, and the color is darker. It has a slight odor and a bitter taste.
本品呈不规则圆块状，长5～10 cm，直径3～6 cm。表面棕黄色或淡褐色，粗糙不平，有深皱纹。质坚硬，不易击碎、破开，横断面淡黄白色，导管束略呈放射状排列，色较深。气微，味苦。

Identification 鉴别

（1）The powder is yellowish-white or grayish-white. Numerous stone cells are present, pale yellow or yellow, elongated or polygonal, with a diameter of 18-66 μm, and the walls are thickened on three sides. The cell cavity contains calcium oxalate prisms. Calcium oxalate prisms are square or rectangular, with a diameter of 4-28 μm. Cork cells are yellow-brown or golden yellow, and the surface appears polygonal with slight lignification. There are many starch grains, which are spherical, helmet-shaped, or polygonal round with a diameter of 4-40 μm. The hilum is in the shape of a herringbone, short arc, or dot; compound grains consist of 2-5 sub-grains.
（1）本品粉末黄白色或灰白色。石细胞众多，淡黄色或黄色，类长方形或多角形，直径18～66 μm，壁多三面增厚，胞腔内含草酸钙方晶。草酸钙方晶呈方形或长方形，直径4～28 μm。木栓细胞黄棕色或金黄色，表面观呈多角形，微木化。淀粉粒甚多，类球形、盔帽形或多角状圆形，直径4～40 μm，脐点人字形、短弧状或点状；复粒由2～5分粒组成。

（2）Take 1 g of this product powder, add 20 ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 2 ml of methanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Another take 1 g of the control herb, the same method into the control herb solution. Then take Gulenbin control, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml, as the control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography <0502> test, absorb the above three solutions of 2 ~ 3 μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, cyclohexane - ethyl acetate - methanol - concentrated ammonia solution (8: 9: 2: 1) of the upper solution as the unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid solution of ethanol, heated to 105 °C until the spot color clear, and placed in the daylight and ultraviolet light (365 nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb and the chromatogram of the control article, the same color spots were shown in daylight; the same color fluorescent spots were shown under ultraviolet light.
（2）取本品粉末1 g，加甲醇20 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取金果榄对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取古伦宾对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2～3 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-浓氨试液（8：9：2：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105 °C加热至斑点显色清晰，置日光和紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，日光下显相同颜色的斑点；紫外光下显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过7.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 7.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.0%。

Assay 含量测定

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (40: 60) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 210 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated according to the peak of berberine should not be less than 2500.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（40：60）为流动相；检测波长为210 nm。理论板数按古伦宾峰计算应不低于2500。

Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备

Take an appropriate amount of berberine reference substance, accurately weigh, and prepare a solution containing 0.25 mg per ml with 70% methanol.
取古伦宾对照品适量，精密称定，用70%甲醇制成每1 ml含0.25 mg的溶液，即得。

Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备

Take about 0.5 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the test substance, accurately weigh, accurately add 10 ml of 70% methanol, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 200 W, frequency 59 kHz) for 20 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with 70% methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 1 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, add 70% methanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，精密加入70%甲醇10 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率200 W，频率59 kHz）20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1 ml，置10 ml量瓶中，加70%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。

Assay method 测定法

Accurately take 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

Calculated on the dried basis, the content of berberine (C20H22O6) should not be less than 1.0%.
本品按干燥品计算，含古伦宾（C20H22O6）不得少于1.0%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Tinospora Root 金果榄

Processing 炮制

Eliminate Foreign matter, soak, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.
除去杂质，浸泡，润透，切厚片，干燥。

性状 ｜ Description

In subrounded or irregular thick slices. Externally brownishyellow to dark brown, wrinkled and uneven. Cut surface pale yellowish-white, sometimes sparse greyish-brown radial striations visible, sometimes with clefts. Odour slight; taste bitter.
本品呈类圆形或不规则形的厚片。外表皮棕黄色至暗褐色，皱缩，凹凸不平。切面淡黄白色，有时可见灰褐色排列稀疏的放射状纹理，有的具裂隙。气微，味苦。

鉴别 ｜ Identification

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

检查 ｜ Examination

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

浸出物 ｜ Extractives

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

Assay 含量测定

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

Property 性

Cold.
寒。

Flavor 味

Bitter.
苦。

Meridian tropism 归经

Lung and large intestine meridians.
归肺、大肠经。

Actions 功能

To clear heat and detoxify, benefit the throat, and relieve pain.
清热解毒，利咽，止痛。

Indications 主治

Used for sore throat, carbuncle, furuncle, diarrhea, dysentery, and epigastric pain.
用于咽喉肿痛，痈疽疔毒，泄泻，痢疾，脘腹疼痛。

Dosage 用量

3-9 g. For external use, appropriate amount.
3～9 g。外用适量。

Administration 用法

For external use, appropriate amount is powdered and blown on the throat or vinegar is used to grind and apply to the affected area.
外用适量，研末吹喉或醋磨涂敷患处。

Storage 贮藏

Store in a dry place and protect from moth.
置干燥处，防蛀。

金果榄

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Tinospora Root is the dried root tuber of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. or Tinospora capillipes Gagnep. (Fam Menispermaceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter, removed from rootlet, washed clean, and dried in the sun.
本品为防己科植物青牛胆Tinospora sagittata（Oliv.） Gagnep.或金果榄 Tinospora capillipes Gagnep.的干燥块根。秋、冬二季采挖，除去须根，洗净，晒干。

Description 性状

In irregular masses, 5-10 cm long, 3-6 cm in diameter. Externally brownish-yellow or brownish, rugged, deeply wrinkled. Texture hard, uneasily broken, transversely cut surface yellowish-white when dissected, showing vessels in groups and arranged somewhat radially, deeper in colour. Odour, slight; taste bitter.
本品呈不规则圆块状，长5～10cm，直径3～6cm。表面棕黄色或淡褐色，粗糙不平，有深皱纹。质坚硬，不易击碎、破开，横断面淡黄白色，导管束略呈放射状排列，色较深。气微，味苦。

Identification 鉴别

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取古伦宾对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～3µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇_浓氨试液（10：9：6：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
（1）本品粉末黄白色或灰白色。石细胞众多，淡黄色或黄色，类长方形或多角形，直径18～66µm，壁多三面增厚，胞腔内含草酸钙方晶。草酸钙方晶呈方形或长方形，直径4～28µm。木栓细胞黄棕色或金黄色，表面观呈多角形，微木化。淀粉粒甚多，类球形、盔帽形或多角状圆形，直径 4～40µm，脐点人字形、短弧状或点状；复粒由2～5分粒组成。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过7.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 7.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.0%。

Assay 含量测定

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（40：60）为流动相；检测波长为210nm。理论板数按古伦宾峰计算应不低于2500。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验

取古伦宾对照品适量，精密称定，用70%甲醇制成每1ml含0.25mg的溶液，即得。
对照品溶液的制备

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，精密加入70%甲醇10ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率200W，频率59kHz） 20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1ml，置10ml量瓶中，加70%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
供试品溶液的制备

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10µl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
测定法

It contains not less than 1.0 per cent of columbin (CHO), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
本品按干燥品计算，含古伦宾（C2QH22O6）不得少于1.0%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Tinospora Root 金果榄

Processing 炮制

Eliminate foreign matter, soak, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.
除去杂质，浸泡，润透，切厚片，干燥。

In subrounded or irregular thick slices. Externally brownish-yellow to dark brown, wrinkled and uneven. Cut surface pale yellowish-white, sometimes sparse greyish-brown radial striations visible, sometimes with clefts. Odour slight; taste bitter.
本品呈类圆形或不规则形的厚片。外表皮棕黄色至暗褐色，皱缩，凹凸不平。切面淡黄白色，有时可见灰褐色排列稀疏的放射状纹理，有的具裂隙。气微，味苦。

Property and Flavor 性味与归经

Bitter, cold. Meridian tropism: Lung and large intestine meridians.
苦，寒。归肺、大肠经。

Actions and Indications 功能与主治

To clear heat, remove toxin, soothe the throat, and relieve pain. Used for swollen sore throat, abscesses and cellulitis, deep-rooted boil toxin, diarrhea, dysentery, and pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.
清热解毒，利咽，止痛。用于咽喉肿痛，痈疽疔毒，泄泻，痢疾，脘腹疼痛。

Administration and Dosage 用法与用量

3-9 g. Appropriate amount for topical application, ground into powder for blowing to throat, or ground with vinegar for topical application to affected area.
3～9g。外用适量，研末吹喉或醋磨涂敷患处。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.
置干燥处，防蛀。