This product is the dried rhizome of the ginger plant, Curcuma Longa L. It is harvested in winter when the stems and leaves wither, cleaned, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the fibrous roots are removed.
根据《中国药典·2020年版·一部》记载：本品为姜科植物姜黄Curcuma Longa L.的干燥根茎。冬季茎叶枯萎时釆挖，洗净，煮或蒸至透心，晒干，除去须根。
NMM ID | nmm-0017 |
Systematic Name | Curcuma longa Rhizome |
Systematic Chinese Name | 姜黄根茎（jiāng huáng gēn jīng） |
Generic Name | Jiang-huang |
Generic Chinese Name | 姜黄（jiāng huáng） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Curcuma longa | 姜黄 |
Medicinal Parts | rhizome | 根茎 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried rhizome of the ginger plant, Curcuma Longa L. It is harvested in winter when the stems and leaves wither, cleaned, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the fibrous roots are removed. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
姜黄
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
Overview 概述
Turmeric Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected in winter when the stem and leaves wither, removed from rootlets, washed clean, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the rootlets removed.
本品为姜科植物姜黄Curcuma Longa L.的干燥根茎。冬季茎叶枯萎时采挖，洗净，煮或蒸至透心，晒干，除去须根。
Description 性状
Rhizomes irregularly ovate, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, often curved, some with short forked branches, 2-5 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter; externally deep yellow, rough, with wrinkled texture and distinct nodes, and circular branch scars and rootlet scars; texture hard, not easily broken, fracture brownish-yellow to golden yellow, horny, with a waxy luster; inner bark with distinct ring-like markings, vascular bundles scattered in dots. Odour, characteristically aromatic; taste, bitter and pungent.
本品呈不规则卵圆形、圆柱形或纺锤形，常弯曲，有的具短叉状分枝，长2～5 cm，直径1～3 cm。表面深黄色，粗糙，有皱缩纹理和明显环节，并有圆形分枝痕及须根痕。质坚实，不易折断，断面棕黄色至金黄色，角质样，有蜡样光泽，内皮层环纹明显，维管束呈点状散在。气香特异，味苦、辛。
Identification 鉴别
（1）Transverse section of the rhizome: epidermal cells flattened, walls thin. Cortex wide, with leaf trace vascular bundles; 6-8 rows of cork cells near the outer epidermis, flattened; endodermal cells with Casparian strips distinct. Inner sheath of the vascular bundle 1-2 rows of thin-walled cells; vascular bundles exarch, scattered, more near the inner sheath, gradually decreasing inward. Thin-walled cells contain oil droplets, starch grains, and reddish-brown pigments.
（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞扁平，壁薄。皮层宽广，有叶迹维管束；外侧近表皮处有6～8列木栓细胞，扁平；内皮层细胞凯氏点明显。中柱鞘为1～2列薄壁细胞；维管束外韧型，散列，近中柱鞘处较多，向内渐减少。薄壁细胞含油滴、淀粉粒及红棕色色素。
（2）To 0.2 g of the powder add 20 ml of anhydrous ethanol, shake for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take 0.2 g of the reference drug of turmeric, prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Take curcumin CRS, add anhydrous ethanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-formic acid (96: 4: 0.7) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 4 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.
（2）取本品粉末0.2 g，加无水乙醇20 ml，振摇，放置30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取姜黄对照药材0.2 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取姜黄素对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各4 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-甲酸（96∶4∶0.7）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，分别显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
Examination 检查
Water 水分
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.
不得过16.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Total ash 总灰分
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Extractives 浸出物
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 12.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于12.0%。
Assay 含量测定
Volatile oil Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>.
挥发油照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
It contains not less than 7. 0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil.
本品含挥发油不得少于7.0%（ml/g）。
Curcumin 姜黄素
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验
Use octylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 4% solution of glacial acetic acid (48: 52) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 430 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 4000, calculated with reference to the peak of curcumin.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-4%冰醋酸溶液（48∶52）为流动相；检测波长为430 nm。理论板数按姜黄素峰计算应不低于4000。
Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备
Weigh accurately a quantity of curcumin CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 10 μg per ml.
取姜黄素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含10 μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备
Weigh accurately 0.2 g of the powder to a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 10 ml of methanol and weigh. Heat under reflux for 30 minutes, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with methanol, mix well and centrifuge. Measure accurately 1 ml of the supernatant to a 20 ml volumetric flask, dilute with methanol to volume and mix well.
取本品细粉约0.2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇10 ml，称定重量，加热回流30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，离心，精密量取上清液1 ml，置20 ml量瓶中，加甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Assay method 测定法
Inject accurately 5 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
It contains not less than 1.0 per cent of curcumin (C21H20O6), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
本品按干燥品计算，含姜黄素（C21H20O6）不得少于1.0%。
Prepared slices 饮片
Turmeric 姜黄
Processing 炮制
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.
除去杂质，略泡，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
性状 ｜ Description
In irregular or subrounded thick slices. Externally dark yellow, sometimes annular nodes visible. Cut surface brownish-yellow to golden yellow, horny, with an obvious endodermis ring, dotted vascular bundles scattered. Odour, characteristic and aromafic; taste, bitter and astringent.
本品为不规则或类圆形的厚片。外表皮深黄色，有时可见环节。切面棕黄色至金黄色，角质样，内皮层环纹明显，维管束呈点状散在。气香特异，味苦、辛。
Identification 鉴别
As required for the crude drug.
同药材。
Examination 检查
Water 水分
Not more than 13.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
同药材，不得过13.0%。
总灰分 ｜ Total ash
As required for the crude drug.
同药材。
Extractives 浸出物
As required for the crude drug.
同药材。
Assay 含量测定
It contains not less than 5.0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil and 0.90 per cent of curcumin (C21H20O6), following the method for the crude drug.
同药材，含挥发油不得少于5.0%（ml/g）; 含姜黄素（C21H20O6）不得少于0.90%。
Property 性
Warm.
温。
Flavor 味
Bitter and pungent.
苦、辛。
Meridian tropism 归经
Spleen and liver meridians.
归脾、肝经。
Actions 功能
To promote blood circulation and regulate Qi, regulate menstruation and relieve pain.
破血行气，通经止痛。
Indications 主治
Used for stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, chest pain, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, abdominal masses, rheumatic shoulder and arm pain, and traumatic swelling and pain.
用于胸胁刺痛，胸痹心痛，痛经经闭，癥瘕，风湿肩臂疼痛，跌扑肿痛。
Dosage 用量
3-10 g. For external use, appropriate amount.
3～10 g。外用适量。
Administration 用法
None.
无。
Storage 贮藏
Preserve in a cool and dry place.
置阴凉干燥处。
姜黄
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Overview 概述
Turmeric is the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected in winter when the aerial part withers, washed clean, boiled or steamed thoroughly, dried in the sun and removed from fibrous roots.
本品为姜科植物姜黄Curcuma Longa L.的干燥根茎。冬季茎叶枯萎时采挖，洗净，煮或蒸至透心，晒干，除去须根。
Description 性状
Irregularly ovoid, cylindrical or fusiform, frequently curved, some shortly branched in Y-shape, 2-5 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter. Externally dark yellow, rough, with wrinkled striations and distinct annulations, and exhibiting some rounded scars of branched rhizomes and fibrous root scars. Texture hard, uneasily broken, fracture brownish-yellow to golden-yellow, homy with wax lustre, endodermis ring distinct, scattered with dotted vascular bundles. Odour, characteristic and aromatic; taste, bitter and pungent.
本品呈不规则卵圆形、圆柱形或纺锤形，常弯曲，有的具短叉状分枝，长2～5cm，直径1～3cm。表面深黄色，粗糙，有皱缩纹理和明显环节，并有圆形分枝痕及须根痕。质坚实，不易折断，断面棕黄色至金黄色，角质样，有蜡样光泽，内皮层环纹明显，维管束呈点状散在。气香特异，味苦、辛。
Identification 鉴别
（2）取本品粉末0.2g，加无水乙醇20ml，振摇，放置30分钟，滤过， 滤液蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取姜黄对照药材0.2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取姜黄素对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则 0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各4μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-甲酸（96：4：0.7）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，分别显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞扁平，壁薄。皮层宽广，有叶迹维管束；外侧近表皮处有6～8列木栓细胞，扁平；内皮层细胞凯氏点明显。中柱鞘为1～2列薄壁细胞；维管束外韧型，散列，近中柱鞘处较多，向内渐减少。薄壁细胞含油滴、淀粉粒及红棕色色素。
Examination 检查
Water 水分
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method>.
不得过16.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Total ash 总灰分
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Extractives 浸出物
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 12.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于12.0%。
Assay 含量测定
Volatile oil 挥发油
本品含挥发油不得少于7.0%（ml/g）。
照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
Curcumin 姜黄素
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-4%冰醋酸溶液（48：52）为流动相；检测波长为430nm。理论板数按姜黄素峰计算应不低于4000。
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Prepared slices 饮片
Turmeric 姜黄
Processing 炮制
Eliminate foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices and dry in the sun.
除去杂质，略泡，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Property 性
Warm; pungent, bitter.
辛、苦，温。
Flavor 味
Bitter.
温。
Meridian tropism 归经
Spleen and liver meridians.
归脾、肝经。
Actions 功能
To break blood, move qi, unblock the meridians and relieve pain.
破血行气，通经止痛。
Indications 主治
Stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, chest bi disorder and heart pain, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, abdominal masses, aching pain in the shoulder and arm caused by wind-dampness, swelling and pain caused by traumatic injuries.
用于胸胁刺痛，胸搏心痛，痛经经闭，癥瘕，风湿肩臂疼痛，跌扑肿痛。
Dosage 用量
3-10 g; Appropriate amount for topical application.
3～10g。外用适量。
Storage 贮藏
Preserve in a cool and dry place.
置阴凉干燥处。
This product is the dried rhizome of the ginger plant, Curcuma Longa L. It is harvested in winter when the stems and leaves wither, cleaned, boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun, and the fibrous roots are removed.
本天然药材为姜科植物姜黄Curcuma Longa L.的干燥根茎。冬季茎叶枯萎时釆挖，洗净，煮或蒸至透心，晒干，除去须根。