薄荷

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物薄荷Mentha haplocalyx Briq.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季茎叶茂盛或花开至三轮时，选晴天，分次采割，晒干或阴干。
Field Mint Herb is the dried aerial part of Mentha haplocalyx Briq. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the stems and leaves are luxuriant or when the flowers are in full bloom, dried in the sun or in the shade.

性状 Description

本品茎呈方柱形，有对生分枝，长15～40cm，直径0.2～0.4cm；表面紫棕色或淡绿色，棱角处具茸毛，节间长2～5cm；质脆，断面白色，髓部中空。叶对生，有短柄；叶片皱缩卷曲，完整者展平后呈宽披针形、长椭圆形或卵形，长2～7cm，宽1～3cm；上表面深绿色，下表面灰绿色，稀被茸毛，有凹点状腺鳞。轮伞花序腋生，花萼钟状，先端5齿裂，花冠淡紫色。揉搓后有特殊清凉香气，味辛凉。
Stems square, with opposite branches, 15-40 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm in diameter; surface purple-brown or pale green, with pubescence at the angles, internodes 2-5 cm long; texture brittle, fracture white, hollow in the pith. Leaves opposite, with short petioles; leaf blades wrinkled, curled, when whole, broadly lanceolate, long elliptical or ovate, 2-7 cm long, 1-3 cm wide; upper surface dark green, lower surface greyish-green, sparsely pubescent, with glandular scales in pitted depressions. Cymes axillary; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed at the apex; corolla pale purple. Odour, special and cool; taste, pungent and cool.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面观：腺鳞头部8细胞，直径约至90μm，柄单细胞；小腺毛头部及柄部均为单细胞。非腺毛1～8细胞，常弯曲，壁厚，微具疣突。下表皮气孔多见，直轴式。
(1) Observation of the leaf surface: The head of glandular scales consists of 8 cells, with a diameter of about 90 μm, and the stalk is composed of a single cell; the head and stalk of non-glandular hairs are also single cells. Non-glandular hairs consist of 1-8 cells, often curved, with thick walls and slightly verrucose. Stomata of the lower epidermis are mostly of the paracytic type.

（2）取本品叶的粉末少量，经微量升华得油状物，加硫酸2滴及香草醛结晶少量，初显黄色至橙黄色，再加水1滴，即变紫红色。
(2) Take a small amount of the powder of the drug, sublime it in a microquantity, add 2 drops of sulfuric acid and a small amount of vanillin crystals, initially showing yellow to orange-yellow, then add 1 drop of water, which turns purple-red.

（3）取本品粗粉1g，加无水乙醇10ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取薄荷对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取薄荷脑对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5～10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯（9∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%对二甲氨基苯甲醛的40%硫酸乙醇溶液，在80℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(3) Take 1 g of the coarse powder of the drug, add 10 ml of anhydrous ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 1 g of the reference drug of Field Mint Herb, and prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take the reference substance of Menthol, add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 2 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate (9:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 40% solution of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 80°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

叶 Leaf

不得少于30%。
Not less than 30 per cent.

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过11.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 Volatile oil

取本品约5mm的短段适量，每100g供试品加水600ml，照挥发油测定法（通则2204）保持微沸3小时测定。
Take an appropriate amount of this product, about 5mm in length. Add 600ml of water to 100g of the test product, and determine the volatile oil content by the method for determination of volatile oil <2204> under the condition of maintaining a slight boiling for 3 hours.

本品含挥发油不得少于0.80%（ml/g）。
The content of volatile oil in this product shall not be less than 0.80% (ml/g).

薄荷脑 Menthol

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
Determine by gas chromatography <0521>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

聚乙二醇为固定相的毛细管柱（柱长为30m，内径为0.32mm，膜厚度为0.25μm）；程序升温：初始温度70℃，保持4分钟，先以每分钟1.5℃的速率升温至120℃，再以每分钟3℃的速率升温至200℃，最后以每分钟30℃的速率升温至230℃，保持2分钟；进样口温度200℃；检测器温度300℃；分流进样，分流比5∶1；理论板数按薄荷脑峰计算应不低于10000。
A capillary column with polyethylene glycol as the stationary phase (column length: 30m, inner diameter: 0.32mm, film thickness: 0.25μm); temperature program: initial temperature 70℃, hold for 4 minutes, then increase at a rate of 1.5℃ per minute to 120℃, then increase at a rate of 3℃ per minute to 200℃, finally increase at a rate of 30℃ per minute to 230℃, hold for 2 minutes; injection port temperature 200℃; detector temperature 300℃; split injection, split ratio 5:1; the theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of menthol should not be less than 10000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取薄荷脑对照品适量，精密称定，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液。
Take an appropriate amount of the reference substance of menthol, accurately weigh, and add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入无水乙醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率33kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用无水乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 2g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of anhydrous ethanol, seal the flask, weigh it, subject it to ultrasonic treatment (power: 250W, frequency: 33kHz) for 30 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with anhydrous ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate to obtain the test solution.

测定法 Assay

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各1μl，注入气相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 1μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the gas chromatograph, determine, and obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含薄荷脑（C10H20O）不得少于0.20%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of menthol (C10H20O) shall not be less than 0.20%.

饮片 Prepared slices

薄荷 Peppermint

炮制 Processing

除去老茎和杂质，略喷清水，稍润，切短段，及时低温干燥。
Remove old stems and impurities, lightly spray with water, slightly moisten, cut into short sections, and dry at low temperature in time.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段。茎方柱形，表面紫棕色或淡绿色，具纵棱线，棱角处具茸毛。切面白色，中空。叶多破碎，上表面深绿色，下表面灰绿色，稀被茸毛。轮伞花序腋生，花萼钟状，先端5齿裂，花冠淡紫色。揉搓后有特殊清凉香气，味辛凉。
The product is in irregular segments. The stem is square and cylindrical, the surface is purple-brown or light green, with longitudinal ribs, and the corners are velvety. The cut surface is white, hollow. Leaves are much broken, dark green on the upper surface, grey-green on the lower surface, sparsely velutinous. Verticillasters axillary, calyx campanulate, apex 5-toothed, corolla lavender. There is a special cool aroma after rubbing, and the taste is pungent and cool.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。不得过13. 0%。
Same as the crude drug.Not more than 13. 0 per cent.

总灰分 total ash

同药材。
Same as herbs.

酸不溶性灰分 acid-insoluble ash

同药材。
Same as herbs.

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 volatile oil

同药材，含挥发油不得少于0.40%(ml/g)。
Same herb, containing not less than 0.40% volatile oil (ml/g).

薄荷脑 Menthol

同药材，按干燥品计算，含薄荷脑(C10H20O)不得少于0.13%。
The same herb, calculated according to the dry product, containing menthol (C10H20O) shall not be less than 0.13%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as herbs.

性 Property

凉。
cool.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

疏散风热，清利头目，利咽，透疹，疏肝行气。
To disperse wind-heat, clear and benefit the head and eyes, promote throat, promote eruption, and regulate liver and qi.

主治 Indications

用于风热感冒，风温初起，头痛，目赤，喉痹，口疮，风疹，麻疹，胸胁胀闷。
Used for wind-heat common cold, early stage of wind-heat, headache, red eyes, sore throat, mouth ulcers, wind rash, measles, chest and hypochondriac distention.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3～6g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Store in a cool and dry place.

薄荷

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物薄荷Mentha haplocalyx Briq.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季茎叶茂盛或花开至三轮时，选晴天，分次采割，晒干或阴干。
Peppermint is the dried aerial part of Mentha haplocalyx Briq. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when foliage branch growing luxuriantly or in the third round of flowering, collected in several times on fine days, and dried in the sun or in the shade.

性状 Description

本品茎呈方柱形，有对生分枝，长15～40cm，直径0.2～0.4cm；表面紫棕色或淡绿色，棱角处具茸毛，节间长2～5cm；质脆，断面白色，髓部中空。叶对生，有短柄；叶片皱缩卷曲，完整者展平后呈宽披针形、长椭圆形或卵形，长2～7cm，宽1～3cm；上表面深绿色，下表面灰绿色，稀被茸毛，有凹点状腺膦。轮伞花序腋生，花萼钟状，先端5齿裂，花冠淡紫色。揉搓后有特殊清凉香气，味辛凉。
Stems square, with opposite branches, 15-40 cm long, 2-4 mm in diameter； externally purplish-brown or pale green, the angular regions pubescent, internodes 2-5 cm long； texture fragile, fracture white, pith hollowed. Leaves opposite, short petioled, lamina crumpled and rolled, when whole, broadly lanceolate, long-elliptical or ovate, 2-7 cm long, 1-3 cm wide； the upper surface dark green and the lower surface greyish-green, sparsely pubescent, bearing concavely dotted glandular scales. Verticillaster axillary, calyx campanulate, with five terminal teeth, corolla pale purple. Odour, characteristic and aromatic after rubbing； taste, pungent and cool.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面观：腺鳞头部8细胞，直径约至90μm，柄单细胞；小腺毛头部及柄部均为单细胞。非腺毛1～8细胞，常弯曲，壁厚，微具疣突。下表皮气孔多见，直轴式。
（2）取本品叶的粉末少量，经微量升华得油状物，加硫酸2滴及香草醛结晶少量，初显黄色至橙黄色，再加水1滴，即变紫红色。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832 第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过11.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent<2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent<2302>.

含量测定 Assay

取本品约5mm的短段适量，每100g供试品加水600ml，照挥发油测定法（通则2204）保持微沸3小时测定。
It contains not less than 0.80 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil.

饮片 Prepared slices

薄荷 Peppermint

炮制 Processing

除去老茎和杂质，略喷清水，稍润，切短段，及时低温干燥。
Remove the old stems and foreign matter, spray with a small quantity of water, soften briefly, cut into short sections, and dry at a lower temperature in time.

性 Property

辛，凉。
Pungent and cool.

味 Flavor

辛凉。
Pungent and cool.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

疏散风热，清利头目，利咽，透疹，疏肝行气。
To disperse wind-heat, clear and sooth head and eyes, soothe the throat, promote eruption, soothe the liver, and move qi.

主治 Indications

用于风热感冒，风温初起，头痛，目赤，喉痹，口疮，风疹，麻疹，胸胁胀闷。
Common cold caused by wind-heat, early onset of wind-warmth disease, headache, red eyes, throat bi disorder, mouth sore, rubella, measles, distention and oppression in the chest, and the hypochondrium.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.