磁石

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为氧化物类矿物尖晶石族磁铁矿，主含四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）。采挖后，除去杂石。
Magnetite is the oxide mineral of the spinel group, mainly composed of ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4). After mining, it is purified by removing impurities.

性状 Description

本品为块状集合体，呈不规则块状，或略带方形，多具棱角。灰黑色或棕褐色，条痕黑色，具金属光泽。体重，质坚硬，断面不整齐。具磁性。有土腥气，味淡。
Magnetite is a block-like aggregate, irregularly shaped or slightly square, often with edges and corners. It is gray-black or brownish-black, with a black streak and metallic luster. It is heavy, hard, and has an uneven fracture. It is magnetic and has an earthy odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末约0.1g，加盐酸2ml，振摇，静置。上清液显铁盐的鉴别反应（通则0301）。
Take about 0.1g of the powder, add 2ml of hydrochloric acid, shake and let it stand. The clear liquid shows the identification reaction of iron salt (General Rule 0301).

含量测定 Content Determination

取本品细粉约0.25g，精密称定，置锥形瓶中，加盐酸15ml与25%氟化钾溶液3ml，盖上表面皿，加热至微沸，滴加6%氯化亚锡溶液，不断摇动，待分解完全，瓶底仅留白色残渣时，取下，用少量水冲洗表面皿及瓶内壁，趁热滴加6%氯化亚锡溶液至显浅黄色（如氯化亚锡加过量，可滴加高锰酸钾试液至显浅黄色），加水100ml与25%钨酸钠溶液15滴，并滴加1%三氯化钛溶液至显蓝色，再小心滴加重铬酸钾滴定液（0.01667mol/L）至蓝色刚好褪尽，立即加硫酸-磷酸-水（2∶3∶5）10ml与二苯胺磺酸钠指示液5滴，用重铬酸钾滴定液（0.01667mol/L）滴定至溶液显稳定的蓝紫色。每1ml重铬酸钾滴定液（0.01667mol/L）相当于5.585mg的铁（Fe）。
Take about 0.25g of the fine powder, accurately weigh it, place it in a conical flask, add 15ml of hydrochloric acid and 3ml of 25% potassium fluoride solution, cover with a surface dish, heat to a slight boil, add 6% stannous chloride solution dropwise, shake continuously, wait for complete decomposition, leaving only white residue at the bottom of the bottle, remove it, rinse the surface dish and the inner wall of the bottle with a small amount of water, and while it is still hot, add 6% stannous chloride solution dropwise until it appears light yellow (if stannous chloride is excessive, dropwise add potassium permanganate solution until it appears light yellow), add 100ml of water and 15 drops of 25% sodium tungstate solution, and dropwise add 1% titanium trichloride solution until it appears blue, then carefully add potassium dichromate titration solution (0.01667mol/L) until the blue color just fades away, immediately add 10ml of sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-water (2:3:5) and 5 drops of sodium diphenylamine sulfonate indicator solution, and titrate with potassium dichromate titration solution (0.01667mol/L) until the solution appears stable blue-purple. Each 1ml of potassium dichromate titration solution (0.01667mol/L) is equivalent to 5.585mg of iron (Fe).

本品含铁（Fe）不得少于50.0%。
The iron (Fe) content in magnetite should not be less than 50.0%.

饮片 Prepared Slices

磁石 Magnetite

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，砸碎。
Remove impurities and crush.

性状 Description

本品为不规则的碎块。灰黑色或褐色，条痕黑色，具金属光泽。质坚硬。具磁性。有土腥气，味淡。
Magnetite prepared slices are irregular fragments. They are gray-black or brownish-black, with a black streak and metallic luster. They are hard in texture, magnetic, and have an earthy odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content Determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

煅磁石 Calcined Magnetite

炮制 Processing

取净磁石块，照煅淬法（通则0213）煅至红透，醋淬，碾成粗粉。
Take clean magnetite blocks, calcine them according to the calcination and quenching method (General Rule 0213) until they are red and translucent, quench with vinegar, and grind into coarse powder.

每100kg 磁石，用醋30kg 。
Vinegar 30 kg per 100 kg magnet.

性状 Description

本品为不规则的碎块或颗粒。表面黑色。质硬而酥。无磁性。有醋香气。
Calcined magnetite is irregular fragments or particles. The surface is black. It is hard and brittle in texture. It is non-magnetic. It has a vinegar aroma.

含量测定 Content Determination

同药材，含铁（Fe）不得少于45.0%。
Same as the crude drug. The iron (Fe) content should not be less than 45.0%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
cold.

味 Flavor

咸。
salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、心、肾经。
It enters the Liver, Heart, and Kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

镇惊安神，平肝潜阳，聪耳明目，纳气平喘。
It calms the mind, soothes the Liver and suppresses Yang, sharpens the hearing and improves vision, and regulates Qi and relieves asthma.

主治 Indications

用于惊悸失眠，头晕目眩，视物昏花，耳鸣耳聋，肾虚气喘。
It is used for palpitations and insomnia, dizziness and vertigo, blurred vision, tinnitus and deafness, and deficiency of the Kidney with Qi wheezing.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。
9-30g.

用法 Administration

先煎。
decoct first.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

磁石

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为氧化物类矿物尖晶石族磁铁矿，主含四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）。采挖后，除去杂石。
Magnetite is a mineral of oxides of spinel group, containing mainly ferroferric oxide(FeO).The drug is collected, removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品为块状集合体，呈不规则块状，或略带方形，多具棱角。灰黑色或棕褐色，条痕黑色，具金属光泽。体重，质坚硬，断面不整齐。具磁性。有土腥气，味淡。
Aggregates of masses, in irregular masses, or slightly subsquare, frequently with angularities.Greyish-black or brown; streak black, with lustre of metal.Texture hard and heavy, fracture uneven.Magnetic.Odour, earthy; tasteless.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末约0.1g，加盐酸2ml，振摇，静置。上清液显铁盐的鉴别反应（通则0301）。
To 0.1 g of the powder add 2 ml of hydrochloric acid, shake, allow to stand.The supernatant yields the reactions characteristic of ferric and ferrous salts〈0301〉.

含量测定 Assay

取本品细粉约0.25g，精密称定，置锥形瓶中，加盐酸15ml与25%氟化钾溶液3ml，盖上表面皿，加热至微沸，滴加6%氯化亚锡溶液，不断摇动，待分解完全，瓶底仅留白色残渣时，取下，用少量水冲洗表面皿及瓶内壁，趁热滴加6%氯化亚锡溶液至显浅黄色（如氯化亚锡加过量，可滴加高锰酸钾试液至显浅黄色），加水100ml与25%钨酸钠溶液15滴，并滴加1%三氯化钛溶液至显蓝色，再小心滴加重铬酸钾滴定液（0.01667mol/L）至蓝色刚好褪尽，立即加硫酸-磷酸-水（2：3：5）10ml与二苯胺磺酸钠指示液5滴，用重铬酸钾滴定液（0.01667mol/L）滴定至溶液显稳定的蓝紫色。每1ml重铬酸钾滴定液（0.01667mol/L）相当于5.585mg的铁（Fe）。
本品含铁（Fe）不得少于50.0%。

饮片 Prepared slices

磁石 Magnetite

炮制 Processing

磁石 除去杂质，砸碎。
Magnetitum Eliminate foreign matter, pound to pieces.

本品为不规则的碎块。灰黑色或褐色，条痕黑色，具金属光泽。质坚硬。具磁性。有土腥气，味淡。
In irregular masses, greyish-black or brown, streak black, with luster of metal. Texture hard and heavy. Magnetic. Odour, earthy; tasteless.

鉴别 Identification

【含量测定】同药材。
【Assay】As required for the crude drug.

煅磁石 Magnetitum (calcined)

取净磁石块，照煅淬法（通则0213）煅至红透，醋淬，碾成粗粉。
Calcine the clean Magnetitum as described under the method for calcining and quenching 〈0213〉 to red thoroughly, quench with vinegar and grind to coarse powder, using 30 kg of vinegar per 100 kg of Magnetitum.

每100kg磁石，用醋30kg。
In irregular masses or granules, externally black. Texture hard and crisp, non-magnetic. Odour, vinger aromatic.

鉴别 Identification

【含量测定】同药材，含铁（Fe）不得少于45.0%。
【Assay】As required for the crude drug. It contains not less the than 45.0 per cent of Iron (Fe), following the method for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

咸，寒。归肝、心、肾经。
Cold; salty. Liver, heart and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

镇惊安神，平肝潜阳，聪耳明目，纳气平喘。用于惊悸失眠，头晕目眩，视物昏花，耳鸣耳聋，肾虚气喘。
To settle fright, tranquilize the mind, pacify the liver, subdue yang, improve audition and vision, absorb qi, and relieve wheezing. Fright palpitations, insomnia, diziness, vertigo, blurry vision, tinnitus, deafness, wheezing caused by kidney deficiency.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～30g，先煎。
9-30 g.It should be decocted first.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.