椿皮

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为苦木科植物臭椿Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle的干燥根皮或干皮。全年均可剥取，晒干，或刮去粗皮晒干。
Ailanthus Bark is the dried root bark or dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Fam. Simaroubaceae). It can be collected and peeled off throughout the year, dried in the shade, or scraped off the rough bark and dried.

性状 Description

根皮 Root bark

呈不整齐的片状或卷片状，大小不一，厚0.3～1cm。外表面灰黄色或黄褐色，粗糙，有多数纵向皮孔样突起和不规则纵、横裂纹，除去粗皮者显黄白色；内表面淡黄色，较平坦，密布梭形小孔或小点。质硬而脆，断面外层颗粒性，内层纤维性。气微，味苦。
Irregularly shaped or rolled pieces, varying in size, 0.3-1 cm thick. Outer surface grayish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal corky protuberances and irregular longitudinal and transverse fissures; when the rough bark is removed, it appears yellowish-white; inner surface pale yellow, relatively flat, densely dotted with oval or punctiform lenticels. Texture hard and brittle; fracture, granular in the outer layer and fibrous in the inner layer. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

干皮 bark

呈不规则板片状，大小不一，厚0.5～2cm。外表面灰黑色，极粗糙，有深裂。
Bark: Irregularly shaped plate-like pieces, varying in size, 0.5-2 cm thick. Outer surface grayish-black, extremely rough, deeply fissured.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根皮粉末淡灰黄色。石细胞甚多，类圆形、类方形或形状不规则，直径24～96μm，壁厚，或三面较厚，一面较薄，有的胞腔内含草酸钙方晶。纤维直径20～40μm，壁极厚，木化。草酸钙方晶直径11～48μm；簇晶直径约至48μm。淀粉粒类球形或卵圆形，直径3～13μm。
(1) Powder of root bark: Pale grayish-yellow. Numerous stone cells, mostly rounded, square or irregular in shape, 24-96 μm in diameter, thick-walled, or with three thicker walls and one thinner wall, some containing calcium oxalate prisms in the cell cavity. Fibres 20-40 μm in diameter, with extremely thick walls, lignified. Calcium oxalate prisms 11-48 μm in diameter; cluster crystals up to about 48 μm in diameter. Starch grains mostly spheroidal or ellipsoidal, 3-13 μm in diameter.

干皮粉末灰黄色。木栓细胞碎片较多，草酸钙簇晶偶见，无淀粉粒。
Powder of bark: Grayish-yellow. Numerous fragments of cork cells, occasional calcium oxalate cluster crystals, no starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙醚20ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取椿皮对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（4∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) To 2 g of the powder add 20 ml of ether, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference material of Ailanthus Bark in the same manner as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90°C) and ethyl acetate (4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference material.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过11.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 5.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

椿皮 Bark of Chinese Toon

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切丝或段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into shreds or sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的丝条状或段状。外表面灰黄色或黄褐色，粗糙，有多数纵向皮孔样突起和不规则纵、横裂纹，除去粗皮者显黄白色。内表面淡黄色，较平坦，密布梭形小孔或小点。气微，味苦。
This product is irregular in shape, with a thread-like or segmental appearance. The outer surface is grayish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal skin-like protrusions and irregular longitudinal and transverse cracks. When the rough skin is removed, it appears yellowish-white. The inner surface is light yellow, relatively flat, and densely covered with shuttle-shaped pores or small dots. It has a slight aroma and a bitter taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于6.0%。
Not less than 6.0 per cent <2201>.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

麸炒椿皮 Stir-fried Bark of Chinese Toon

取椿皮丝（段），照麸炒法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Take the shredded (or sectioned) bark of Chinese Toon, stir-fry it according to the method of stir-frying with bran <0213> until it turns slightly yellow.

性状 Description

本品形如椿皮丝（段），表面黄色或褐色，微有香气。
This product is similar to shredded (or sectioned) bark of Chinese Toon, with a yellow or brown surface and a slight aroma.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the medicinal material. Not more than 10.0 per cent.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于6.0%。
Same as the medicinal material. Not less than 6.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

检查 Examination

（总灰分 酸不溶性灰分） 同药材。
Identification (Total ash Acid-insoluble ash) same as the medicinal material.

性 Property

寒。
cold.

味 Flavor

苦、涩。
Bitter and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归大肠、胃、肝经。
Large Intestine, Stomach, and Liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热燥湿，收涩止带，止泻，止血。
To clear heat and dry dampness, astringe and stop abnormal vaginal discharge, stop diarrhea, and stop bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于赤白带下，湿热泻痢，久泻久痢，便血，崩漏。
Used for abnormal vaginal discharge (leukorrhea), damp-heat diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, bloody stool, and metrorrhagia and metrostaxis.

用量 Dosage

6～9g。
6-9 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth damage.

椿皮

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为苦木科植物臭椿Ailanthus altissima（Mill.）Swingle的干燥根皮或干皮。全年均可剥取，晒干，或刮去粗皮晒干。
Tree-of-heaven Bark is the dried root bark or stem bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Fam. Simaroubaceae). The drug is collected all year round, dried in the sun or dried in the sun after removing the coarse bark.

性状 Description

根皮呈不整齐的片状或卷片状，大小不一，厚0.3～1cm。外表面灰黄色或黄褐色，粗糙，有多数纵向皮孔样突起和不规则纵、横裂纹，除去粗皮者显黄白色内表面淡黄色，较平坦，密布梭形小孔或小点。质硬而脆，断面外层颗粒性，内层纤维性。气微，味苦。
Root bark: Irregular pieces or quills, varying in size, 0.3-1 cm thick. Outer surface greyish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal lenticel-like prominences, and irregularly transverse and longitudinal fissures; outer surface of the drug free from rough bark, yellowish-white. Inner surface pale yellow, relatively even, densely covered with small spindle-shaped holes or spots. Texture hard and fragile; fracture granular at the outer part, fibrous at the inner part. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

干皮呈不规则板片状，大小不一，厚0.5～2cm。外表面灰黑色，极粗糙，有深裂。
Stem bark: Irregular plates or pieces, varying in size, 0.5-2 cm thick. Outer surface greyish-black, very rough and deeply fissured.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根皮粉末淡灰黄色。石细胞甚多，类圆形、类方形或形状不规则，直径24～96μm，壁厚，或三面较厚，一面较薄，有的胞腔内含草酸钙方晶。纤维直径20～40pm，壁极厚，木化。草酸钙方晶直径11～48）um；簇晶直径约至48μm。淀粉粒类球形或卵圆形，直径3～13μm。干皮粉末灰黄色。木栓细胞碎片较多，草酸钙簇晶偶见，无淀粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙醚20ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取椿皮对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（4：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365mn）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过11.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201>, the hot extraction method, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 5.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

椿皮 Tree-of-heaven Bark

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切丝或段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slivers or sections, and dry.

本品呈不规则的丝条状或段状。外表面灰黄色或黄褐色，粗糙，有多数纵向皮孔样突起和不规则纵、横裂纹，除去粗皮者显黄白色。内表面淡黄色，较平坦，密布梭形小孔或小点。气微，味苦。
Irregular slivers or sections. Outer surface greyish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal lenticel-like prominences, and irregularly transverse and longitudinal fissures; outer surface of the drug free from rough bark, yellowish-white. Inner surface pale yellow, relatively even, densely covered with small spindle-shaped holes or spots. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于6.0%。
Not less than 6.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（总灰分酸不溶性灰分）同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

麸炒椿皮 Ailanthi Cortex (stir-baked 'with bran )

取椿皮丝（段），照麸炒法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Stir-bake the slivers (sections) of Ailanthi Cortex as described under the method for stir-baking with bran <0213> until a slightly yellow colour is produced.

本品形如椿皮丝（段），表面黄色或褐色，微有香气。
As described for slivers (sections) of Ailanthi Cortex under Processing. Externally yellow or brown. Odour, slightly aromatic.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于6.0%。
Not less than 6.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（总灰分酸不溶性灰分）同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、涩，寒。归大肠、胃、肝经。
Cold; bitter, astringent. Meridian tropism: Large intestine, stomach, and liver meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

清热燥湿，收涩止带，止泻，止血。用于赤白带下，湿热泻痢，久泻久痢，便血，崩漏。
To clear heat, dry dampness, astringe to relieve abnormal vaginal discharge, stop diarrhea, and stanch bleeding. Indicated for red or white vaginal discharge, dampness-heat diarrhea and dysentery, chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, bloody stool, menstrual flooding and spotting.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

6～9g。
6-9 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.