蓖麻子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为大戟科植物蓖麻Ricinus communis L.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采摘成熟果实，晒干，除去果壳，收集种子。
Castor Bean is the dried mature seed of Ricinus communis L. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature, dried in the sun, and the seeds are collected after removing the husk.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或卵形，稍扁，长0.9～1.8cm，宽0.5～1cm。表面光滑，有灰白色与黑褐色或黄棕色与红棕色相间的花斑纹。一面较平，一面较隆起，较平的一面有1条隆起的种脊；一端有灰白色或浅棕色突起的种阜。种皮薄而脆。胚乳肥厚，白色，富油性，子叶2，菲薄。气微，味微苦辛。
Seeds are elliptical or ovate, slightly flattened, 0.9-1.8 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide. Surface smooth, with gray-white and black-brown or yellow-brown and red-brown alternating spots. One side is relatively flat, the other side is slightly raised, with one raised seed ridge on the flatter side; one end has a gray-white or light brown protruding seed hilum. Seed coat thin and brittle. Endosperm thick, white, oily, cotyledons 2, thin. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰黄色或黄棕色。种皮栅状细胞红棕色，细长柱形，排列紧密，孔沟细密，胞腔内含红棕色物质。外胚乳组织细胞壁不明显，密布细小圆簇状结晶体，菊花形或圆球形，直径8～20mm。内胚乳细胞类多角形，胞腔内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。
(1) The powder is grayish-yellow or yellowish-brown. The seed coat has reddish-brown, elongated columnar cells arranged closely, with fine pores and dense cavities containing reddish-brown substances. The cell walls of the outer endosperm tissue are not obvious, and they are densely covered with small round clusters of crystals, chrysanthemum-shaped or spherical, with a diameter of 8-20 mm. The cells of the inner endosperm are polygonal, and the cavities contain starch granules and fat droplets.

（2）取本品粗粉1g，加无水乙醇10ml，冷浸30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取蓖麻子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取蓖麻酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各1μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（14∶4∶0.4）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1g of the coarse powder, add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol, soak for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Ricinus communis and prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take the reference substance ricinoleic acid, add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 1μl per 1ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C), ethyl acetate, and formic acid (14:4:0.4) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1μl of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 2μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 1% solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat at 110°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过7.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

酸败度 Acid value

照酸败度测定法（通则2303）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of acid value <2303>.

酸值 Acid value

不得过35.0。
Not more than 35.0.

羰基值 Carbonyl value

不得过7.0。
Not more than 7.0.

过氧化值 Peroxide value

不得过0.20。
Not more than 0.20.

蓖麻碱 Ricinine

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of ricinine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水-二乙胺（11∶89∶0.03）为流动相；检测波长为307nm。理论板数按蓖麻碱峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water-diethylamine (11:89:0.03) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 307nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of ricinine should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取蓖麻碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.125mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of ricinine reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.125mg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约2.5g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流提取4小时，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥去溶剂，转移至具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 2.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a Soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of petroleum ether (60-90℃), heat and reflux for 4 hours, discard the petroleum ether solution, evaporate the solvent from the residue, transfer it to a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50% methanol 50ml, weigh, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含蓖麻碱（C8H8N2O2）不得过0.32%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of ricinine (C8H8N2O2) should not exceed 0.32%.

饮片 Prepared slices

蓖麻 Castor Bean

炮制 Processing

用时去壳，捣碎。
Remove the shell when used, and crush.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

毒性 Toxicity

有毒。
Toxic.

味 Flavor

甘、辛。
Sweet and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归大肠、肺经。
Large intestine and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

泻下通滞，消肿拔毒。
To promote bowel movement, relieve constipation, reduce swelling, and detoxify.

主治 Indications

用于大便燥结，痈疽肿毒，喉痹，瘰疬。
Used for dry stool, carbuncle and swelling, sore throat, and scrofula.

用量 Dosage

2～5g。
2-5g.

用法 Administration

外用适量。
For external use, use an appropriate amount.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

蓖麻子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为大戟科植物蓖麻Ricinus communis L.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采摘成熟果实，晒干，除去果壳，收集种子。
Castor Seed is the dried ripe seed of Ricinus communis L. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The fruit is collected in autumn when ripe, dried in the sun, removed from the pericarp, and the seed is gathered.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或卵形，稍扁，长0.9～1.8cm，宽0.5～1cm。表面光滑，有灰白色与黑褐色或黄棕色与红棕色相间的花斑纹。一面较平，一面较隆起，较平的一面有1条隆起的种脊；一端有灰白色或浅棕色突起的种阜。种皮薄而脆。胚乳肥厚，白色，富油性，子叶2，菲薄。气微，味微苦辛。
Ellipsoidal or ovoid, slightly flattened, 0.9-1.8 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide. Externally smooth, alternately with greyish-white and blackish-brown or yellowish-brown and reddish-brown piebald striations. One side relatively even, bearing 1 prominent raphe, and the other side slightly raised. A greyish-white or pale brown, prominent caruncle at one end. Testa thin and brittle, endosperm plump, white and oily, cotyledons 2, thin. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰黄色或黄棕色。种皮栅状细胞红棕色，细长柱形，排列紧密，孔沟细密，胞腔内含红棕色物质。外胚乳组织细胞壁不明显，密布细小圆簇状结晶体，菊花形或圆球形，直径8～20mm。内胚乳细胞类多角形，胞腔内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。
（2）取本品粗粉1g，加无水乙醇10ml，冷浸30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取蓖麻子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取蓖麻酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各1μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（14：4：0.4）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过7.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

酸败度 Ranicidy

照酸败度测定法（通则2303）测定。
Carry out the method for Ranicidy determination <2303>.

酸值 Acid value

不得过35.0。
Not more than 35.0.

羰基值 Carbonyl value

不得过7.0。
Not more than 7.0.

过氧化值 Peroxide value

不得过0.20。
Not more than 0.20.

蓖麻碱 Assay Ricinine

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水-二乙胺（11：89：0.03）为流动相；检测波长为307nm。理论板数按蓖麻碱峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, and a mixture of acetonitrile, water and diethylamine (11:89:0.03) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 307 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 3000, calculated with reference to the peak of ricinine.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取蓖麻碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.125mg的溶液，即得。
Dissolve a quantity of ricinine CRS, weighed accurately, in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.125 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约2.5g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流提取4小时，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥去溶剂，转移至具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Weigh accurately 2.5 g of the powder (through No. 2 sieve) into a Soxhlet's extractor, add an appropriate quantity of petroleum ether (60-90℃), heat under reflux for 4 hours, discard the petroleum ether solution. After expelling the solvent, transfer the residue to a stopper conical flask, add accurately 50 ml 50% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 2 hour, allow to cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of the weight with 50% methanol, mix well and filter, use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Inject 10 μl of each of the reference and the test solutions, accurately measured, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含蓖麻碱（C8H8N2O2）不得过0.23%。
It contains not less than 0.23 per cent of ricinine (C8H8N2O2), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

蓖麻子 Castor Seed

炮制 Processing

用时去壳，捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, remove the testa and break to pieces before use.

性 Property

甘、辛，平；有毒。
Neutral; sweet and pungent; toxic.

味 Flavor

归大肠、肺经。
Large intestine and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

泻下通滞，消肿拔毒。
To purge downward, open bowels, disperse swelling and draw out toxin.

主治 Indications

用于大便燥结，痈疽肿毒，喉痹，瘰疬。
Dry stool bind, abscesses, cellulitis, swelling and toxin, throat bi disorder, and scrofula.

用量 Dosage

2～5g。外用适量。
2-5 g. Appropriate amount for topical application.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.