拳参

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蓼科植物拳参Polygonum bistorta L.的干燥根茎。春初发芽时或秋季茎叶将枯萎时采挖，除去泥沙，晒干，去须根。
Bistort Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Polygonum bistorta L. (Fam. Polygonaceae). The drug is collected in spring when the sprouts begin to grow or in autumn when the stems and leaves wither, removed from mud and sand, dried in the sun, and the rootlets removed.

性状 Description

本品呈扁长条形或扁圆柱形，弯曲，有的对卷弯曲，两端略尖，或一端渐细，长6～13 cm，直径1～2.5 cm。表面紫褐色或紫黑色，粗糙，一面隆起，一面稍平坦或略具凹槽，全体密具粗环纹，有残留须根或根痕。质硬，断面浅棕红色或棕红色，维管束呈黄白色点状，排列成环。气微，味苦、涩。
Rhizomes long, cylindrical or slightly flattened, curved, some twisted, slightly pointed at both ends or tapering at one end, 6-13 cm long, 1-2.5 cm in diameter. Surface purplish-brown or purplish-black, rough, one side convex, the other side slightly flat or slightly grooved, with coarse annular wrinkles all over, with residual rootlets or root scars. Texture hard, fracture light brownish-red or reddish-brown, vascular bundles yellowish-white, arranged in rings. Odour, slight; taste, bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕红色。木栓细胞多角形，含棕红色物。草酸钙簇晶甚多，直径15～65 μm。具缘纹孔导管直径20～55 μm，亦有网纹导管和螺纹导管。纤维长梭形，直径10～20 μm，壁较厚，木化，孔沟明显。淀粉粒单粒椭圆形、卵形或类圆形，直径5～12 μm。
(1)The powder is pale reddish-brown. Cork cells polygonal, containing reddish-brown substances. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals numerous, diameter 15-65 μm. Pitted vessels with bordered pits, diameter 20-55 μm, also with reticulate vessels and spiral vessels. Fibres elongated spindle-shaped, diameter 10-20 μm, thick-walled, lignified, with distinct pits. Starch granules single, elliptical, ovoid or nearly round, diameter 5-12 μm.

（2）取本品粉末0.5 g，加甲醇20 ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇5 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取拳参对照药材0.5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取没食子酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5∶4∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置氨蒸气中熏至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2)To 0.5 g of the powder add 20 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 5 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.5 g of the reference drug of Bistort Rhizome, prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Take gallic acid CRS, add methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and formic acid (5:4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Expose to ammonia vapour until the spots become clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以0.05%磷酸甲醇溶液为流动相A，以0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为272 nm。理论板数按没食子酸峰计算应不低于6000。
Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; 0.05% phosphoric acid methanol solution was used as mobile phase A, and 0.05% phosphoric acid solution was used as mobile phase B. Gradient elution was carried out according to the provisions in the following table; the detection wavelength was 272 nm. the theoretical plate counts should be not less than 6000 according to the calculation of gallic acid peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取没食子酸对照品适量，精密称定，加30%甲醇制成每1 ml含20 μg的溶液，即得。
Take the appropriate amount of gallic acid control product, precision weighing, add 30% methanol to make a solution containing 20 μg per 1 ml, that is to obtain.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过五号筛）约0.25 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入30%甲醇25 ml，密塞，称定重量，浸泡1小时，超声处理（功率250 W，频率45 kHz）20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用30%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take the product powder (through the fifth sieve) about 0.25 g, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision add 25ml of 30% methanol, tightly stoppered, weighed, immersed for 1 hour, ultrasonic treatment (power of 250 W, frequency of 45 kHz) for 20 minutes, cooled, and then weighed, with 30% methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, and take the filtrate, that is, the product.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Pipette 20 μl each of control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and then determine, that is, obtain.

本品按干燥品计算，含没食子酸（C7H605）不得少于0.12%。
The content of gallic acid (C7H605) in the drug, calculated with reference to the dried drug, should not be less than 0.12%.

饮片 Prepared slices

拳参 Bistort Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，略泡，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soak briefly, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形或近肾形的薄片。外表皮紫褐色或紫黑色。切面棕红色或浅棕红色，平坦，近边缘有一圈黄白色小点（维管束），气微，味苦、涩。
This product is in the form of thin tablets of round-like or nearly kidney-shaped. The outer skin is purple-brown or purple-black. The cut surface is brownish-red or light brownish-red, flat, with a ring of yellowish-white dots (vascular bundles) near the edge, with a slight odour and a bitter, astringent taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、涩。
Bitter and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、大肠经。
Lung, liver, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，消肿，止血。
To clear heat, detoxify, reduce swelling, and stop bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于赤痢热泻，肺热咳嗽，痈肿瘰疬，口舌生疮，血热吐衄，痔疮出血，蛇虫咬伤。
Used for dysentery with fever and diarrhea, cough due to lung heat, carbuncles, swelling and lymphadenitis, oral and tongue sores, vomiting and nosebleed due to blood heat, bleeding hemorrhoids, and snake and insect bites.

用量 Dosage

5～10 g。外用适量。
5-10 g. For external use, an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

拳参

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蓼科植物拳参Polygonum bistorta L.的干燥根茎。春初发芽时或秋季茎叶将枯萎时采挖，除去泥沙，晒干，去须根。
Bistort Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Polygonum bistorta L. (Fam. Polygonaceae). The drug is collected in early spring while the plant budding or in autumn just before withering, removed from soil, dried in the sun, and removed from the rootlet.

性状 Description

本品呈扁长条形或扁圆柱形，弯曲，有的对卷弯曲，两端略尖，或一端渐细，长6～13cm，直径1～2.5cm。表面紫褐色或紫黑色，粗糙，一面隆起，一面稍平坦或略具凹槽，全体密具粗环纹，有残留须根或根痕。质硬，断面浅棕红色或棕红色，维管束呈黄白色点状，排列成环。气微，味苦、涩。
Compressed slat-shaped or compressed cylindrical, curved, or even curled, both ends slightly sharp or tapering towards one end, 6-13 cm long, 1-2.5 cm in diameter. Externally purplish-brown or purplish-black, rough, prominent on one side and slightly even or slightly channelled on the other side, with dense and rough annulations throughout, and showing remains of rootlets or root scars. Texture hard, fracture pale brownish-red or brownish-red, vascular bundles yellowish-white and dotted, arranged in a ring. Odour, slight； taste, bitter and astringent

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕红色。木栓细胞多角形，含棕红色物。草酸钙簇晶甚多，直径15～65μm。具缘纹孔导管直径20～55μm，亦有网纹导管和螺纹导管。纤维长梭形，直径10～20μm，壁较厚，木化，孔沟明显。淀粉粒单粒椭圆形、卵形或类圆形，直径5～12μm。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取拳参对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取没食子酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5：4：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置氨蒸气中熏至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以0.05%磷酸甲醇溶液为流动相A，以0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为272nm。理论板数按没食子酸峰计算应不低于6000。

时间（分钟）
流动相A（%）
流动相B（%）

0～7
10→5
90→95
7～15
5→18
95→82
15～20
18
82

对照品溶液的制备 取没食子酸对照品适量， 精密称定，加30%甲醇制成每1ml含20μg的溶液，即得。
供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过五号筛）约0.25g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入30%甲醇25ml，密塞，称定重量，浸泡1小时，超声处理（功率250W，频率45kHz）20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用30%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

As detector a spectrophotometer set at 272 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 6000, calculated with reference to the peak of gallic acid.
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of gallic acid CRS, accurately weighed, in 30% methanol to prepare a solution containing 20 μg per ml.

饮片 Prepared slices

拳参 Bistort

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，略泡，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soak slightly, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices and dry.

性 Property

苦、涩，微寒。
Mild cold； bitter and astringent.

味 Flavor

微寒。
Bitter and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、大肠经。
Lung, liver and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，消肿，止血。
To clean heat, remove toxin, relieve swelling, and stanch bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于赤痢热泻，肺热咳嗽，痈肿瘰疬，口舌生疮，血热吐衄，痔疮出血，蛇虫咬伤。
Dysentery with bloody stool, heat diarrhea cough caused by lung-heat, swelling abscess, scrofula, mouth and tongue sores, blood heat with hematemesis, hemorrhoids bleeding, bites of insect, worm or snake.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。外用适量。
5-10 g；Appropriate amount for topical application.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.