全蝎

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为钳蝎科动物东亚钳蝎Buthus martensii Karsch的干燥体。春末至秋初捕捉，除去泥沙，置沸水或沸盐水中，煮至全身僵硬，捞出，置通风处，阴干。
Scorpion is the dried body of Buthus martensii Karsch (Fam. Buthidae). It is collected from late spring to early autumn, removed from mud and sand, boiled in boiling water or boiling salt water until the whole body becomes stiff, taken out, and dried in a ventilated place.

性状 Description

本品头胸部与前腹部呈扁平长椭圆形，后腹部呈尾状，皱缩弯曲，完整者体长约6 cm。头胸部呈绿褐色，前面有1对短小的螯肢和1对较长大的钳状脚须，形似蟹螯，背面覆有梯形背甲，腹面有足4对，均为7节，末端各具2爪钩；前腹部由7节组成，第7节色深，背甲上有5条隆脊线。背面绿褐色，后腹部棕黄色，6节，节上均有纵沟，末节有锐钩状毒刺，毒刺下方无距。气微腥，味咸。
The head and thorax of the scorpion are flattened and elongated, and the posterior abdomen is tail-shaped, wrinkled and curved. The intact body is about 6 cm long. The head and thorax are greenish-brown, with a pair of short chelipeds and a pair of longer and larger chelate foot whiskers in the front, resembling crab claws. The back is covered with trapezoidal dorsal plates, and the ventral surface has 4 pairs of legs, all of which have 7 segments, each with 2 claw hooks at the end; the anterior abdomen consists of 7 segments, the 7th segment is darker, and there are 5 ridges on the dorsal plate. The back is greenish-brown, and the posterior abdomen is brownish-yellow, with 6 segments, each with longitudinal grooves, and the terminal segment has sharp hook-like venomous spines, with no distance below the venomous spines. Slightly fishy odor, salty taste.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末黄棕色或淡棕色。体壁碎片外表皮表面观呈多角形网格样纹理，表面密布细小颗粒，可见毛窝、细小圆孔和淡棕色或近无色的瘤状突起；内表皮无色，有横向条纹，内、外表皮纵贯较多长短不一的微细孔道。刚毛红棕色，多碎断，先端锐尖或钝圆，具纵直纹理，髓腔细窄。横纹肌纤维多碎断，明带较暗带宽，明带中有一暗线，暗带有致密的短纵纹理。
The powder of the scorpion is yellowish-brown or light brown. The surface of the body wall fragment epidermis appears as a polygonal grid-like texture, with small particles densely distributed on the surface, visible hair follicles, small round holes, and light brown or nearly colorless wart-like protrusions; the inner epidermis is colorless, with transverse stripes, and the inner and outer epidermis have many short and long micro-pores. The bristles are reddish-brown, mostly broken, with sharp or blunt round tips, longitudinal straight texture, and narrow medullary cavity. The transverse striated muscle fibers are mostly broken, with a wider light band than a dark band, a dark line in the middle of the light band, and a dense short longitudinal texture in the dark band.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过20.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 20.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过17.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 17.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>.

本品每1000 g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5 μg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10 μg。
The content of aflatoxin B1 in this product shall not exceed 5 μg per 1000 g, and the total content of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin B1 shall not exceed 10 μg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 18.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

全蝎 Scorpion

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash, and dry.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

毒性 Toxicity

有毒。
Toxic.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝经。
Liver meridian.

功能 Actions

息风镇痉，通络止痛，攻毒散结。
To suppress wind and relieve spasm, promote blood circulation and relieve pain, and eliminate toxins and dissipate nodules.

主治 Indications

用于肝风内动，痉挛抽搐，小儿惊风，中风口，半身不遂，破伤风，风湿顽痹，偏正头痛，疮疡，瘰疬。
It is used for internal movement of liver wind, spasm and convulsion, paediatric convulsions, stroke mouth askew on one side of the mouth , hemiplegia, tetanus, rheumatism and intractable paralysis, migraine headache, sores, scrofula.

用量 Dosage

3～6 g.
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇禁用。
Not for use during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, and protect from moth.

全蝎

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为钳蝎科动物东亚钳蝎Buthus martensii Karsch的干燥体。春末至秋初捕捉，除去泥沙，置沸水或沸盐水中，煮至全身僵硬，捞出，置通风处，阴干。
Scorpion is the dried body of Buthus martensii Karsch (Fam. Buthidae). The drug is collected from the end of spring to the beginning of autumn, removed from soil, boiled in water or salt water until the body stiffened, scooped out, placed in a ventilated place, and dried in shade.

性状 Description

本品头胸部与前腹部呈扁平长椭圆形，后腹部呈尾状，皱缩弯曲，完整者体长约6cm。头胸部呈绿褐色，前面有1对短小的螯肢和1对较长大的钳状脚须，形似蟹螯，背面覆有梯形背甲，腹面有足4对，均为7节，末端各具2爪钩；前腹部由7节组成，第7节色深，背甲上有5条隆脊线。背面绿褐色，后腹部棕黄色，6节，节上均有纵沟，末节有锐钩状毒刺，毒刺下方无距。气微腥，味咸。
The cephalothorax and preabdomen flattened long ellipsoidal, the postabdomen tail-like, shrunken and curved, the body of intact specimen about 6 cm long. The cephalothorax greenish-brown, the anterior part arising 1 pair of short and small chelicerae and 1 pair of long and large pincerlike pedipalps in the shape of crab pincers, dorsal part covered with ladder-shaped carapace, ventral part bearing 4 pairs of walking legs, each of segments, with 2 claws on distal end. The preabdomen consists of 7 segments, the seventh dark in colour, with 5 ridged spinal lines on the dorsal plate. Dorsal side greenish-brown, the postabdomen brownish-yellow, 6 segments, with longitudinal furrows on each segment, the telson bearing sharp claw like stinger and no spur below the stinger. Odour, slightly stinking; taste, salty.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末黄棕色或淡棕色。体壁碎片外表皮表面观呈多角形网格样纹理，表面密布细小颗粒，可见毛窝、细小圆孔和淡棕色或近无色的瘤状突起；内表皮无色，有横向条纹，内、外表皮纵贯较多长短不一的微细孔道。刚毛红棕色，多碎断，先端锐尖或钝圆，具纵直纹理，髓腔细窄。横纹肌纤维多碎断，明带较暗带宽，明带中有一暗线，暗带有致密的短纵纹理。
Powder: Yellowish-brown or pale brown. Surface view of outer epidermis of body fragments in polygonal network-like striations, bearing densely tiny grains, hair sockets, fine circular holes and pale brown or colourless warts visible; inner epidermis colourless, with cross stripes; a number of minute canals throughout the inner and the outer epidermis, varying in length. Setae reddish-brown, mostly broken, acute or obtuse at the top ends, with longitudinal and straight striations, medullary cavity freely slender. The fibres of striated muscle mostly broken, light bands wider than dark bands, light bands each with a dark line, dark bands with dense and short longitudinal striations.

检查 Examination

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照黄曲霉毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5µg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10µg。

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

全蝎 Scorpion

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, and dry.

性 Property

辛，平；有毒。
Neutral; pungent; toxic.

味 Flavor

咸。
Salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝经。
Liver meridians.

功能 Actions

息风镇痉，通络止痛，攻毒散结。
To extinguish wind, arrest convulsions, unblock the collaterals, relieve pain, expel toxin, and dissipate bind.

主治 Indications

用于肝风内动，痉挛抽搐，小儿惊风，中风口㖞，半身不遂，破伤风，风湿顽痹，偏正头痛，疮疡，瘰疬。
Internal stirring of liver wind, convulsions, infantile convulsion, wind-stroke with deviated mouth, hemiplegia, tetanus, wind-dampness stubborn bi disorder, migraine and general headache, sore and ulcer, and scrofula.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

注意 Precautions

孕妇禁用。
Contraindicated during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place and protect from moth.