E-jiao-zhu: Take E-jiao, roast until soft, cut into cubes of about 1cm, according to the frying method (general rule 0213), use clam powder to scald until it forms pearls, when there is no pond heart inside, remove it, sieve out the clam powder, and let it cool.
NMM ID | nmm-015t |
Systematic Name | Equus asinus Skin Cleaned and Gelled and Stirfried-clam |
Systematic Chinese Name | 蛤粉炒制胶制净制驴皮肤（gé fěn chǎo zhì jiāo zhì jìng zhì lǘ pí fū） |
Generic Name | E-jiao-zhu |
Generic Chinese Name | 阿胶珠（ē jiāo zhū） |
NMM Type | processed |
Species Origins | Equus asinus | 驴 |
Medicinal Parts | skin | 皮肤 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | cleaned | 净制andgelled | 胶制andstirfried clam | 蛤粉炒制 |
Systematic Name Explanation | E-jiao-zhu: Take E-jiao, roast until soft, cut into cubes of about 1cm, according to the frying method (general rule 0213), use clam powder to scald until it forms pearls, when there is no pond heart inside, remove it, sieve out the clam powder, and let it cool. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
阿胶
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Donkey-hide Gelatin is the solid gelatin prepared by decocting and concentrating the dried skin or fresh skin of the donkey, an animal of the Equidae family.
Preparation
The donkey skin is soaked to remove the hair, cut into pieces and washed. It is decocted in water in several portions, filtered, and the filtrate is combined. The combined filtrate is concentrated (with the addition of appropriate amounts of yellow rice wine, rock sugar, and soybean oil) to obtain a thick paste. The paste is cooled, cut into pieces, and dried to obtain the final product.
Description
Donkey-hide Gelatin is in the form of rectangular blocks, square blocks, or pieces. It is brown to dark brown in color and has a glossy appearance. The texture is hard and brittle, and the fractured surface is shiny. When the fragments are held up to the light, they appear brown and translucent. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet taste.
Identification
吸取供试品溶液5μl，注入高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪，测定。以质荷比（m/z）539.8（双电荷）→612.4和m/z539.8（双电荷）→923.8离子对提取的供试品离子流色谱中，应同时呈现与对照药材色谱保留时间一致的色谱峰。
Examination
Water
Take 1g of the sample, accurately weigh, add 2ml of water, dissolve by heating, evaporate on a water bath until the thickness does not exceed 2mm, and determine according to the method for water determination <0832, method 2>, not more than 15.0 per cent.
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Heavy metals and harmful elements
Determine according to the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>. The lead content should not exceed 5mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 0.3mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; and the copper content should not exceed 20mg/kg.
Insoluble matter
Take 1.0g of the sample, accurately weigh, add 5ml of water, heat to dissolve, transfer to a centrifuge tube with a constant weight of 10ml, wash with 5ml of warm water in 3 portions, combine the washings into the centrifuge tube, shake well. Keep warm in a 40°C water bath for 15 minutes, centrifuge (at a speed of 2000 rpm) for 10 minutes, remove the floating oil on the tube wall, pour off the supernatant along the tube wall, add warm water to the mark along the tube wall, centrifuge, repeat the washing process 3 times, pour off the supernatant, heat the centrifuge tube at 105°C for 2 hours, take out, cool in a desiccator for 30 minutes, accurately weigh, calculate, and obtain the result.
Prepared slices
Donkey-hide gelatin
Processing
Crush into small pieces.
Appearance
The product is irregular in shape and varies in size. The rest is the same as the medicinal material.
Examination
Water
Same as the medicinal material, not more than 10.0 per cent.
Total ash
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.
Donkey-hide gelatin pill
Processing
Take donkey-hide gelatin, heat and soften it, cut it into pieces about 1cm in size, use the frying method <0213> to cook with clam powder until it forms a pill, remove it when there is no uncooked part inside, sieve off the clam powder, and let it cool.
Appearance
The product is spherical. The surface is brownish-yellow or grayish-white with white powder attached. It is light in weight, crisp in texture, and fragile. The cross-section is hollow or porous, pale yellow to brown. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet taste.
Examination
Water
Same as the medicinal material, not more than 10.0 per cent.
Total ash
Same as the medicinal material.
Identification
Same as the medicinal material.
Content determination
Amino acids
Same as the medicinal material.
Property
Neutral.
Flavor
Sweet.
Meridian tropism
归肺、肝、肾经。
Actions
Nourishes blood and nourishes yin, moisturizes dryness, and stops bleeding.
Indications
Used for blood deficiency and withered yellow, dizziness and palpitations, muscular atrophy and weakness, restlessness and insomnia, deficiency wind stirring internally, lung dryness cough, cough with blood due to exertion, vomiting blood and hematuria, bleeding and collapse, and threatened abortion during pregnancy.
Dosage
3-9g.
Administration
Closed and blended.
Storage
Store in a sealed container.
阿胶
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Donkey-hide Glue is the solid glue prepared from the dried or fresh skin of Equus asinus Linnaeus (Fam. Equidae) by decoction and concentration.
Procedure
Soak the donkey-hide, remove the hairs, cut into small pieces, rinse again, decoct with water several times, filter and combine the filtrates. Concentrate the glutinous filtrate ( or add a quantity of yellow rice wine, crystal sugar, soya-bean oil, respectively) to thick glue, allow to cool and congeal, cut into pieces, and dry in the air.
Description
Rectangular, square piece or small piece, brown to dark-brown, lustrous. Texture hard and fragile, fracture lustrous, fragment brown and translucent when looking against the light. Odour, slight； taste, slightly sweet.
Identification
To 0.1 g of the powder, add 50 ml of 1% solution of ammonium bicarbonate, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter with millipore filter. Transfer 100 μl of the successive filtrate into a trace sample bottle, add 10 μl of trypsin solution ( dissolve trypsin for sequence analysis in 1% solution of ammonium bicarbonate to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml, prepare when use) , mix well, hydrolyze by enzyme at 37℃ for 12 hours, use the hydrolysate as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 0.1 g of Asini Corii Colla reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 〈 0512 and 0431〉, use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase (2.1 mm in inner diameter) , and use acetonitrile as the mobile phase A, 0.1% solution of formic acid as mobile phase B, elute in gradient at 0.3 ml per minute as the following:
As detector a mass spectrometer set in positive electrospray ionization ( ESI＋ ) interface, using multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. Monitor the ion pairs at m/z 539.8 (double charged) →612.4 and m/z 539. 8 (double charged) →923.8. Inject 5 μl of each of the reference drug solution and the test solution respectively to the column and determine. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the peaks in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution should be greater than 3 : 1. The peaks in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in retention time to the peaks in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.
Examination
Water
Heat to dissolve 1 g, accurately weighed, in 2 ml of water, and evaporate to dryness on a water bath. Keep the thickness not over than 2 mm. Carry out the method for the determination of water 〈 0832 , method 2 〉, not more than 15.0 per cent.
Heavy metals and harmful elements
Carry out the method for determination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and copper (Cu)〈2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry), not more than 5 mg/kg of Pb; not more than 0.3 mg/kg of Cd； not more than 2 mg/kg of As； not more than 0.2 mg/kg of Hg； not more than 20 mg/ kg of Cu.
Insoluble matter in water
Weigh accurately 1.0 g of the powder in a flask, add 5 ml of water and heat to dissolve. Transfer to a 10 ml stoppered centrifuge tube previously dried to constant weight. Wash the flask 3 times with 5 ml of warm water, combine the washings to the centrifuge tube and mix well. Keep warm on a water bath at 40℃ for 15 minutes, centrifuge ( 2000 rotations per minute) for 10 minutes, discard the oil slick on tube wall and supernatant. Add warm water to volume along the tube wall, centrifuge, wash 3 times in the same manner and discard the supernatant. Heat the centrifuge tube at 105℃ for 2 hours, take out, cool in a desiccator for 30 minutes, weigh accurately and calculate, not more than 2.0 per cent.
Other requirements
Complies with the general requirements for glues 〈 0184 〉.
Assay
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography 〈0512).
Prepared slices
Asini Corii Colla
Processing
Pound into pieces.
Asini Corii Colla (beaded)
Soften by heating, cut into small squares (about 1 cm long), then stir-bake to beads as described under the method for stir-baking with powdered clam-shell〈 0213〉until the inner not runny, take out, remove the powdered clam-shell by sifting, and allow to cool.
Examination
Water
Same as the crude drug, not more than 10.0%.
Total ash
Same as the crude drug, not more than 4.0%.
Identification
Same as the crude drug.
Assay
Same as the crude drug.
Property and Flavor
Neutral ； sweet. Meridian tropism Lung, liver and kidney meridians.
Actions
To nourish blood, replenish yin, moisten dryness, and stanch bleeding. Indicated for blood deficiency with sallow complexion, dizziness, palpitations, weak muscle, lack of strength, insomnia caused by vexation, internal stirring of defiency wind, cough caused by lung dryness, cough in consumptive disease, hemoptysis, hematemesis and hematuria, bloody stool, memstrnal flooding and spotting, and vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.
Administration and dosage
3-9 g, taken after dissolving in boiling decoction.
Storage
Preserve in tightly closed container.
Donkey-hide Gelatin Pearls: Take donkey-hide gelatin, roast until soft, cut into cubes of about 1cm, according to the frying method (general rule 0213), use clam powder to scald until it forms pearls, when there is no pond heart inside, remove it, sieve out the clam powder, and let it cool.