This product is the dried mature seeds of the Solanaceae plant Hyoscyamus niger L. During the summer and autumn seasons, when the fruit skin turns yellow, the fruit is harvested, sun-dried, the seeds are beaten out, the fruit skin and stems are sifted out, and then dried.
NMM ID | nmm-00em |
Systematic Name | Hyoscyamus niger Seed |
Systematic Chinese Name | 天仙子种子（tiān xiān zi zhǒng zi） |
Generic Name | Tian-xian-zi |
Generic Chinese Name | 天仙子（tiān xiān zi） |
Standardized Translation | Hyoscyamus niger Seed (NMM-00EM, Tian-xian-zi) |
Standardized Chinese Translation | 天仙子种子（NMM-00EM，天仙子） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Hyoscyamus niger | 天仙子 |
Medicinal Parts | seed | 种子 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried mature seeds of the Solanaceae plant Hyoscyamus niger L. During the summer and autumn seasons, when the fruit skin turns yellow, the fruit is harvested, sun-dried, the seeds are beaten out, the fruit skin and stems are sifted out, and then dried. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
天仙子
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Hyoscyamus Seed is the dried ripe seed of Hyoscyamus niger L. (Fam. Solanaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the pericarp turns yellow, the fruit is picked, exposed to sunlight, the seeds are removed, and the pericarp and stalks are sieved out, then dried.
Description
Seeds kidney-shaped or ovate, about 1 mm in diameter. Surface brownish-yellow or grayish-yellow, with fine reticulate veins, slightly pointed at one end with a dot-shaped hilum. Cut surface grayish-white, oily, with endosperm, embryo curved. Odour, slight; taste, slightly pungent.
Identification
(1) The powder is grayish-brown. Numerous fragments of epidermal cells of the seed coat are present, with adhering yellowish-brown granular substances. The surface view shows irregular polygonal or elongated polygonal cells, with wavy curved walls on the periphery; the side view shows wavy projections. The endosperm cells are nearly round, containing starch granules and oil droplets.
(2) Take 1 g of the powder, add 10 ml of petroleum ether (30-60°C), treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, discard the petroleum ether solution, repeat the above treatment, evaporate the solvent from the residue, moisten with a mixture of 2 ml of ethanol and concentrated ammonia solution (1:1), add 20 ml of chloroform, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 0.5 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take hyoscyamine hydrobromide CRS and atropine sulfate CRS, dissolve in anhydrous ethanol to produce a mixture containing 1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, and concentrated ammonia solution (17:2:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray successively with a solution of bismuth potassium iodide and a solution of sodium nitrite in ethanol. The two brown spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.
Examination
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.
Assay
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-acetonitrile-30 mmol/L sodium acetate buffer solution (containing 0.02% triethylamine, 0.3% tetrahydrofuran, adjust the pH value to 6.0 with glacial acetic acid) (10:5:85) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 210 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of hyoscyamine should not be less than 4000.
Preparation of reference solution
Take an appropriate amount of hyoscyamine hydrobromide reference substance and atropine sulfate reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.17 mg of hyoscyamine hydrobromide and 0.15 mg of atropine sulfate per 1 ml (hyoscyamine weight = hyoscyamine hydrobromide weight × 0.7894; scopolamine weight = atropine sulfate weight × 0.8551).
Preparation of test solution
Take about 2 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a Soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of petroleum ether (30-60°C), heat reflux for 2 hours, discard the petroleum ether solution, dry the residue, add an appropriate amount of methanol, heat reflux for 6 hours, reduce the pressure of the extract to dryness, dissolve the residue in 25 ml of concentrated ammonia solution (8→100), transfer it to a separating funnel, wash the container and residue with a small amount of chloroform, and add it to the separating funnel, extract with chloroform 5 times, each time with 15ml, combine the chloroform solution, reduce the pressure to dryness, dissolve the residue in anhydrous ethanol, transfer it to a 10 ml volumetric flask, add anhydrous ethanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.
Assay method
Precisely draw 5 μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively into the liquid chromatograph for determination, and obtain the result.
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of hyoscyamine (C17H21NO4) and scopolamine (C17H23NO3) should not be less than 0.080%.
Property
Warm.
Toxicity
Highly toxic.
Flavor
Bitter、pungent.
Meridian tropism
Heart, stomach, and liver meridians.
Actions
Relieve spasms and pain, relieve asthma, calm the mind.
Indications
Used for spasmodic pain in the epigastric region, asthma, and mania.
Administration
None.
Dosage
0.06-0.6 g.
Precautions
Prohibited for patients with heart disease, tachycardia, glaucoma, and pregnant women.
Storage
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.
天仙子
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Henbane Seed is the dried ripe seed of Hyoscya-mus niger L. (Fam. Solanaceae). The fruit is collected in summer and autumn when the pericarp turns yellow, exposed to the sun, and the seeds are tapped out, removed from pericarp and branch, dried in the sun.
Description
Flattened subreniform or flattened ovoid, about 1mm in diameter. Externally brownish-yellow or greyish-yellow, with fine reticulated striations, and a pointed hilum at the somewhat acute end. Section greyish white, oily, having endosperm, embryo curved. Odour, slight; taste, slightly pungent.
Identification
（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（30～60℃）10ml，超声处理15分钟，弃去石油醚液，同上再处理一次，药渣挥干溶剂，加乙醇-浓氨试液（1：1）混合溶液2ml使湿润，加三氯甲烷20ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取氢溴酸东莨菪碱对照品、硫酸阿托品对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml各含1mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-浓氨试液（17：2：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，依次喷以碘化铋钾试液与亚硝酸钠乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的两个棕色斑点。
Examination
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.
Assay
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.
Chromatography system and system suitability
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile and 30 mmol/L sodium acetate buffer (containing 0.02% triethylamine and 0.3% tetrahydrofuran, regulated to a pH value of 6.0 with acetic acid) (10:5:85) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 210 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 4000, calculated with reference to the peak of hyoscyamine.
Reference solution
Weigh accurately a quantity of scopolamine hydrobromide CRS and atropine sulfate CRS, dissolved in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.17 mg and 0.15 mg per ml as the reference solution (Scopolamine = Scopolamine hydrobromide CRS × 0.7894; hyoscyamine= atropine sulfate CRS×0.8551).
Test solution
Weigh accurately 2 g of the powder (through No.3 sieve) to a Soxhlet's extractor, add a quantity of petroleum ether (30-60℃), heat under reflux for 2 hours, discard petroleum ether solution, expel the solvent from the residue. Add a quantity of methanol to the residue, heat under reflux for 6 hours, recover the solvent in vacuum, Add 25 ml of ammonia concentrated TS (8→100), transfer to a separating funnel. Wash the container and residue with a few amount of chloroform, transfer to the separating funnel. Extract with five 15-ml of quantifies chloroform. Combine the chloroform layer and recover to dryness. Dissolve the residue in anhydrous ethanol and transfer to a 10 ml volumetric flask, dilute with anhydrous ethanol to volume and mix well.
Procedure
Inject accurately 5μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.
It contains not less than 0.080 per cent of the total amount of scopolamine (C17H21NO4) and hyoscyamine (C17H23NO3), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
Property and Flavor
Warm; bitter and pungent; highly toxic. Heart, stomach and liver meridians.
Actions
To arrest convulsions, relieve pain, relieve wheezing, and tranquilize the mind. Painful spasm in stomach duct, wheezing cough, depressive psychosis, and manic psychosis.
Administration and dosage
0.06-0.6g.
Precautions and Warnings
Contraindicated in patients suffering from heart diseases, tachypragia, glaucoma, or pregnant woman.
Storage
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.
Plant Source
This product is the dried mature seeds of the Solanaceae plant Hyoscyamus niger L.
Collection and Processing
During the summer and autumn seasons, when the fruit skin turns yellow, the fruit is harvested, sun-dried, the seeds are beaten out, the fruit skin and stems are sifted out, and then dried.