This product is the dried leaves of the Polypodiaceae plants Pyrrosia sheareri (Bak.) Ching, Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell, or Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching. It can be harvested all year round, with the roots and rhizomes removed, and then sun-dried or shade-dried.
NMM ID | nmm-00nc |
Systematic Name | Pyrrosia lingua vel petiolosa vel sheareri Leaf |
Systematic Chinese Name | 石韦或有柄石韦或庐山石韦叶（shí wéi huò yǒu bǐng shí wéi huò lú shān shí wéi yè） |
Generic Name | Shi-wei |
Generic Chinese Name | 石韦（shí wéi） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Pyrrosia lingua | 石韦orPyrrosia petiolosa | 有柄石韦orPyrrosia sheareri | 庐山石韦 |
Medicinal Parts | leaf | 叶 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried leaves of the Polypodiaceae plants Pyrrosia sheareri (Bak.) Ching, Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell, or Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching. It can be harvested all year round, with the roots and rhizomes removed, and then sun-dried or shade-dried. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
石韦
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Pyrrosia Leaf is the dried leaf of Pyrrosia sheareri (Bak.) Ching, Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell, or Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching (Fam. Polypodiaceae). It can be collected throughout the year, removed from rhizome and root, and dried in the sun or shade.
Description
Pyrrosia sheareri
Leaves slightly wrinkled, lanceolate when flattened, 10-25 cm long, 3-5 cm wide. Apex gradually pointed, base obliquely auriculate, entire, margin often inwardly curled; upper surface yellowish-green or grayish-green, scattered with small black circular depressions; lower surface densely covered with reddish-brown stellate hairs, some intercostal areas filled with brown circular sporangia. Petiole quadrangular, 10-20 cm long, 1.5-3 mm in diameter, slightly twisted, with longitudinal grooves. Leaf leathery. Odour, slight; taste, slightly astringent and bitter.
Pyrrosia lingua
Pyrrosia lingua: Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8-12 cm long, 1-3 cm wide. Base cuneate, symmetrical. Sporangia arranged closely and neatly between lateral veins. Petiole 5-10 cm long, diameter about 1.5 mm.
Pyrrosia petiolosa
Leaves often curled and tubular, elongate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate when flattened, 3-8 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide. Base cuneate, symmetrical; lower surface with indistinct lateral veins, covered with sporangia. Petiole 3-12 cm long, diameter about 1 mm.
Identification
Powder yellowish-brown. Stellate hairs consist of 7-12 cells, arranged radially in two layers, each cell lanceolate, apex acute, some surfaces with longitudinal or irregular reticulate texture; stalk consists of 1-9 cells. Cells of annulus elongated-rectangular in surface view. Spores elliptical in polar view, reniform in equatorial view, outer wall with wart-like projections. Epidermal cells of lower surface polygonal, walls thickened in bead-like pattern, stomata circular. Fibres elongated, lumina filled with reddish-brown or brownish blocks.
Examination
Foreign matter
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2301>.
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 18.0 per cent.
Content determination
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid solution (11:89) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 326nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of chlorogenic acid should not be less than 2000.
Preparation of reference solution
Take an appropriate amount of chlorogenic acid reference substance, accurately weigh it, place it in a brown volumetric flask, add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 40μg per 1ml.
Preparation of test solution
Take about 0.2g of the powder of this medicinal material (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of 50% methanol, weigh it, subject it to ultrasonic treatment (power 300W, frequency 25kHz) for 45 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate to obtain the test solution.
Determination method
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.
Calculated on the dried product, the content of chlorogenic acid (C16H18O9) should not be less than 0.20%.
Prepared slices
Pyrrosia lingua
Processing
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash, cut into sections, and dry in the sun, sift to remove fine debris.
Morphological characteristics
The product is in the form of filament strips. The upper surface is yellowish green or greyish brown, the lower surface is densely covered with reddish brown stellate hairs. Sporangia are attached between lateral veins or the lower surface is covered with sporangia. Leaves entire. Leaf blade leathery. Slightly astringent and bitter in taste.
Identification
Same as the crude drug.
Examination
Water
Same as the crude drug.
Total ash
Same as the crude drug.
Extractives
Same as the crude drug.
Content determination
Same as the crude drug.
Property
Slightly cold.
Flavor
Sweet, and bitter,.
Meridian tropism
Lung and bladder meridians.
Actions
To promote diuresis and relieve stranguria, clear the lungs and stop coughing, cool the blood and stop bleeding.
Indications
Used for hot stranguria, hematuria, urolithiasis, urinary obstruction, dribbling urination with pain, feverishness with cough, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, and metrorrhagia.
Dosage
6-12 g.
Administration
None.
Storage
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.
石韦
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Pyrrossia petiolosa（Christ）Ching的干燥叶。全年均可采收，除去根茎和根，晒干或阴干。
Description
Leaf of Pyrrosia sheareri Leaves slightly crumpled, when whole, lanceolate, 10-25 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base auriculate oblique, margin entire, edges usually rolled inwards. Upper surface yellowish-green or greyish-green, sparsely black rounded-Pitted； lower surface densely covered with reddish-brown stellate hairs, sometimes the area between the lateral veins completely covered with brown rounded-spotted sori. Stipes with 4 rihs, 10-20 cm long, 1. 5-3 mm in diameter, slightly twisted, grooved longitudinally. Leaf leathery. Odour, slight; taste, slightly astringent and bitter.
Leaf of Pyrrosia lingua Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8-12 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, base cuneate and symmetrical. Sori closely and regularly arranged between the lateral veins. Stipes 5-10 cm long, about 1.5 mm in diameter.
Leaf of Pyrrosia petiolosa Leaves mostly rolled into a quill, when whole, oblong or ovate-oblong, 3-8 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, base cuneate and symmetrical. Lower surface with indistinct lateral veins and completely covered with sori. Stipes 3-12 cm long, about 1 mm in diameter.
Identification
Powder: Yellowish-brown. Stellate hairs with a 7-12 celled body, showing a radiate arrangement of upper and lower layers, cells lanceolate, apex acute. some with longitudinal or irregular reticulate striations on the surface; and a 1-9 celled stalk. Ring-shaped cells of sori flattened rectangular. Spores ellipsoidal in polar view and reniform in equatorial view, with warty walls. Lower epidermal cells of leaf polygonal, with beaded anticlinal walls and subrounded stomata. Fibres long fusiform, filled with reddish-brown or brown masses.
Examination
Foreign matter
Not more than 3 per cent <2301>.
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol TS as the solvent, not less than 18.0 per cent.
Assay
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.5%磷酸溶液（11：89）为流动相；检测波长为326nm。理论板数按绿原酸峰计算应不低于2000。
取绿原酸对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加50%甲醇制成每1ml含40μg的溶液，即得。
取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率25kHz）45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.
It contains not less than 0.20 per cent of chlorogenic acid (C16H18O9), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
Prepared slices
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, cut into sections, dry in the sun and sift.
Slivers. Upper surface yellowish-green or greyish-green. Lower surface densely covered with reddish-brown stellate hairs, the area between the lateral veins or the lower surface covered with sori. Fronds entire. leathery. Odour, slight taste, slightly astringent and bitter.
Property
Mild cold; sweet and bitter.
Flavor
Slightly astringent and bitter.
Meridian tropism
Lung and bladder meridians.
Actions
To disinhibit urine, relieve stranguria, clear the heat, suppress cough, cool the blood and stop bleeding.
Indications
Heat strangury, blood strangury, stone strangury, urinary block, dribbling urination with chronic pain, panting and cough caused by lung-heat, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, and menstrual flooding and spotting.
Dosage
6-12 g.
Administration
Add when the decoction is nearly done.
Storage
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.
This product is the dried leaves of the Polypodiaceae plants Pyrrosia sheareri (Bak.) Ching, Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell, or Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching. It can be harvested all year round, with the roots and rhizomes removed, and then sun-dried or shade-dried.