Jing-mu-hao: Mu-hao processed by cleaning.
净牡蒿:净制牡蒿

Efficacy and Functions 功效作用

Clearing heat, cooling blood, and detoxifying.
清热，凉血，解毒。

Indications 主治

Summer cold, pulmonary tuberculosis with fever, hemoptysis, infantile malnutrition fever, epistaxis, bloody stools, menorrhagia, leukorrhea, jaundice hepatitis, erysipelas, snakebite.
夏季感冒，肺结核潮热，咯血，小儿疳热，衄血，便血，崩漏，带下，黄疸型肝炎，丹毒，毒蛇咬伤。

Dosage and Administration 用法用量

Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g, double the amount for fresh herbs. External use: appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing; or crush fresh herbs for application.
内服：煎汤，10-15g，鲜品加倍。外用：适量，煎水洗；或鲜品捣烂敷。

Precautions 注意事项

Not for long-term use.
不可久服。

Pharmacological Effects 药理作用

The antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms.
抗病原微生物作用。

Relevant Discussion 相关论述

1、《别录》：“主充肌肤，益气，令人暴肥。”

1. "Bie Lu": "Nourishes the skin and muscles, tonifies qi, and causes rapid weight gain."

2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Take pounded juice orally to treat swelling due to yin deficiency."
2、《纲目》：“擂汁服，治阴肿。”

Clinical Applications 临床应用

1、治夏季感冒头痛，齐头蒿30g。水煎服。（《万县中草药》）

1. To treat summer cold with headache, use 30g of Artemisia apiacea. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Herbal Medicine in Wan County")

2. To treat fever and low-grade fever in pulmonary tuberculosis, use 15g each of Artemisia argyi and Lycium chinense roots. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Medicinal Plants in Zhejiang")
2、治肺结核潮热，低热不退，牡蒿、枸杞根各15g。水煎服。（《浙江药用植物志》）

3. To treat coughing up blood in tuberculosis, use 60g of Artemisia apiacea and 30g of Ziziphus jujuba seeds. Stew with meat and take orally. (From "Herbal Medicine in Wan County")
3、治痨伤咳血，齐头蒿60g，石枣子30g。炖肉服。（《万县中草药》）

4. For treating menorrhagia in women: a) Use 30g of Artemisia argyi and 1 hen. Stew the hen, remove impurities, and consume the chicken meat with the broth. (From "Minnan Materia Medica") b) Use 30g each of Artemisia argyi and Cinnamomum camphora leaves, and 90g of fresh Boehmeria nivea roots. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Medicinal Plants in Zhejiang")
4、治妇人血崩，①牡蒿30g，母鸡1只。炖熟后去滓，食鸡肉与汁。（《闽东本草》）②牡蒿、侧柏叶各30g，鲜苎麻根90g。水煎服。（《浙江药用植物志》）

5. To treat leukorrhea, use 15g of Artemisia apiacea leaves. Grind into powder, steam with a green-shelled duck egg, and consume. (From "Herbal Medicine in Wan County")
5、治白带，齐头蒿叶15g。研末，蒸绿壳鸭蛋服。（《万县中草药》）

6. For treating jaundice-type hepatitis, use 25-50g of Artemisia argyi. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Yi Medicine Records")
6、治黄疸型肝炎，牡蒿25-50g。煎水服。（《彝药志》）

7. For treating acute erysipelas, use an appropriate amount of Artemisia argyi. Decoct in water and wash the affected area. (Supplemented for completeness)
7、治急性丹毒，牡蒿适量。煎水洗患处。（补充完整）

Processing and Preparation 加工炮制

Harvesting and processing: The whole plant is harvested in summer and autumn, and can be dried in the sun or used fresh.
采收加工：夏、秋间采收全草，晒干或鲜用。

Medicinal Material Identification 药材鉴别

Medicinal material characteristics: The dried whole herb has a cylindrical stem with a diameter of 0.1-0.3cm, and its surface is black-brown or brown. It is hard in texture, with a fibrous fracture surface that is yellow-white, and a white spongy pith in the center. The remaining leaves are yellow-green to brown-black, mostly fragmented, wrinkled, and brittle. The inflorescence is yellow-green, with several long oval brown seeds visible inside. It has a fragrant smell and a slightly bitter taste.
药材性状：干燥的全草，茎圆柱形，直径0.1-0.3cm，表面黑棕色或棕色；质坚硬，折断面纤维状，黄白色，中央有白色疏松的髓。残留的叶片黄绿色至棕黑色，多破碎不全，皱缩卷曲，质脆易脱。花序黄绿色，片内可见长椭圆形褐色种子数枚。气香，味微苦。

Botanical Information 植物学信息

Species: Artemisia argyi, a plant of the Asteraceae family.
植物种属：菊科蒿属植物牡蒿。

Morphological Characteristics 形态特征

Artemisia argyi, also known as Wei (from the Book of Songs), is a perennial herb, 50-150cm tall. It has stout rhizomes, often with several nutrient branches. The stems are erect and usually grow in clusters, with spreading and upright branches in the upper part, sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Lower leaves are obovate or broadly spatulate, withering during flowering, 3-8cm long, 1-2.5cm wide, gradually narrowing at the base, with linear false stipules, toothed or shallowly lobed at the apex; middle leaves are spatulate, 2.5-4.5cm long, 0.5-2cm wide, with 3-5 shallow or deep lobes at the apex, each lobe bearing 2-3 small serrations or none, nearly glabrous or sparsely pubescent; upper leaves are nearly linear, trilobed or entire; bract leaves are long elliptic or lanceolate, entire or occasionally shallowly lobed at the apex. Numerous capitula, ovoid or nearly spherical, arranged in compound corymbs at branch tips, with short peduncles and linear bracts; involucre spherical or oblong, 1-2mm in diameter, glabrous; phyllaries in 3-4 layers, somewhat foliaceous on the back, with broad membranous margins; pistillate flowers 3-8, fertile; inner layer consists of 5-10 bisexual but sterile flowers. Achenes small, inversely ovate, glabrous. Flowering and fruiting from July to October.
牡蒿，别名蔚（《诗经》）。多年生草本，高50-150cm。根状茎粗壮，常有若干条营养枝。茎直立，常丛生，上部有开展和直立的分枝，被微柔毛或近无毛。下部叶倒卵形或宽匙形，花期萎谢，长3-8cm，宽1-2.5cm，下部渐狭，有条形假托叶，上部有齿或浅裂；中部叶匙形，长2.5-4.5cm，宽0.5-2cm，上端有3-5枚浅裂片或深裂片，每裂片上端有2-3枚小锯齿或无，近无毛或被微柔毛；上部叶近条形，三裂或不裂；苞片叶长椭圆形、披针形，先端不裂或偶有浅裂。头状花序多数，卵球形或近球形，于分枝端排成复总状，有短梗及条形苞叶；总苞球形或长圆形，直径1-2mm，无毛；总苞片3-4层，背面多少叶质，边缘宽膜质；雌花3-8朵，能孕；内层为两性花5-10朵，不孕育。瘦果小，倒卵形，无毛。花、果期7-10月。

Distribution Area 分布区域

Distributed in Liaoning (southern and eastern parts), Hebei (southern part), Shanxi (southern and eastern parts), Shaanxi (southern part), Gansu (southern part), Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and southern Tibet; except for the southwestern provinces which are distributed from low altitudes to areas up to 3,300 meters above sea level, the rest are distributed in middle to low altitude areas, growing in moist, semi-moist, or semi-arid environments, commonly found at forest edges, clearings in forests, sparse forests, open fields, thickets, hills, mountain slopes, roadsides, etc. Also found in Japan, Korea, Afghanistan, northern India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Kashmir region, northern Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, and the Soviet Union (Far East region). Widely distributed throughout China.
产辽宁（南部、东部），河北（南部），山西（南部、东部），陕西（南部），甘肃（南部），山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南及西藏（南部）等；除西南省区从低海拔分布到海拔3 300米地区外，其余地区分布在中、低海拔地区，在湿润、半湿润或半干旱的环境里生长，常见于林缘、林中空地、疏林下、旷野、灌丛、丘陵、山坡、路旁等。日本、朝鲜、阿富汗、印度（北部）、不丹、尼泊尔、锡金、克什米尔地区、越南（北部）、老挝、泰国、缅甸、菲律宾及苏联（远东地区）也有。广布于我国南北各地。

Growing Environment 生长环境

Grows at forest edges, under forests, in open fields, on mountain slopes, hills, roadsides, and under thickets.
生于林缘、林下、旷野、山坡、丘陵、路旁及灌丛下。