蓖麻子

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Castor Bean is the dried mature seed of Ricinus communis L. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature, dried in the sun, and the seeds are collected after removing the husk.
本品为大戟科植物蓖麻Ricinus communis L.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采摘成熟果实，晒干，除去果壳，收集种子。

Description 性状

Seeds are elliptical or ovate, slightly flattened, 0.9-1.8 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide. Surface smooth, with gray-white and black-brown or yellow-brown and red-brown alternating spots. One side is relatively flat, the other side is slightly raised, with one raised seed ridge on the flatter side; one end has a gray-white or light brown protruding seed hilum. Seed coat thin and brittle. Endosperm thick, white, oily, cotyledons 2, thin. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.
本品呈椭圆形或卵形，稍扁，长0.9～1.8cm，宽0.5～1cm。表面光滑，有灰白色与黑褐色或黄棕色与红棕色相间的花斑纹。一面较平，一面较隆起，较平的一面有1条隆起的种脊；一端有灰白色或浅棕色突起的种阜。种皮薄而脆。胚乳肥厚，白色，富油性，子叶2，菲薄。气微，味微苦辛。

Identification 鉴别

(1) The powder is grayish-yellow or yellowish-brown. The seed coat has reddish-brown, elongated columnar cells arranged closely, with fine pores and dense cavities containing reddish-brown substances. The cell walls of the outer endosperm tissue are not obvious, and they are densely covered with small round clusters of crystals, chrysanthemum-shaped or spherical, with a diameter of 8-20 mm. The cells of the inner endosperm are polygonal, and the cavities contain starch granules and fat droplets.
（1）本品粉末灰黄色或黄棕色。种皮栅状细胞红棕色，细长柱形，排列紧密，孔沟细密，胞腔内含红棕色物质。外胚乳组织细胞壁不明显，密布细小圆簇状结晶体，菊花形或圆球形，直径8～20mm。内胚乳细胞类多角形，胞腔内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。

(2) Take 1g of the coarse powder, add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol, soak for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Ricinus communis and prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take the reference substance ricinoleic acid, add anhydrous ethanol to make a solution containing 1μl per 1ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C), ethyl acetate, and formic acid (14:4:0.4) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1μl of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 2μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 1% solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat at 110°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference solution.
（2）取本品粗粉1g，加无水乙醇10ml，冷浸30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取蓖麻子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取蓖麻酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各1μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（14∶4∶0.4）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 7.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
不得过7.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Acid value 酸败度

Determine according to the method for determination of acid value <2303>.
照酸败度测定法（通则2303）测定。

Acid value 酸值

Not more than 35.0.
不得过35.0。

Carbonyl value 羰基值

Not more than 7.0.
不得过7.0。

Peroxide value 过氧化值

Not more than 0.20.
不得过0.20。

Ricinine 蓖麻碱

Determine according to the method for determination of ricinine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water-diethylamine (11:89:0.03) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 307nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of ricinine should not be less than 3000.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水-二乙胺（11∶89∶0.03）为流动相；检测波长为307nm。理论板数按蓖麻碱峰计算应不低于3000。

Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备

Take an appropriate amount of ricinine reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.125mg per 1ml.
取蓖麻碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.125mg的溶液，即得。

Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备

Take about 2.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a Soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of petroleum ether (60-90℃), heat and reflux for 4 hours, discard the petroleum ether solution, evaporate the solvent from the residue, transfer it to a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50% methanol 50ml, weigh, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
取本品粉末（过二号筛）约2.5g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流提取4小时，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥去溶剂，转移至具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

Determination method 测定法

Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

Calculated on the dried product, the content of ricinine (C8H8N2O2) should not exceed 0.32%.
本品按干燥品计算，含蓖麻碱（C8H8N2O2）不得过0.32%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Castor Bean 蓖麻

Processing 炮制

Remove the shell when used, and crush.
用时去壳，捣碎。

Description 性状

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Examination 检查

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Property 性

Neutral.
平。

Toxicity 毒性

Toxic.
有毒。

Flavor 味

Sweet and pungent.
甘、辛。

Meridian tropism 归经

Large intestine and lung meridians.
归大肠、肺经。

Actions 功能

To promote bowel movement, relieve constipation, reduce swelling, and detoxify.
泻下通滞，消肿拔毒。

Indications 主治

Used for dry stool, carbuncle and swelling, sore throat, and scrofula.
用于大便燥结，痈疽肿毒，喉痹，瘰疬。

Dosage 用量

2-5g.
2～5g。

Administration 用法

For external use, use an appropriate amount.
外用适量。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a cool and dry place.
置阴凉干燥处。

蓖麻子

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Castor Seed is the dried ripe seed of Ricinus communis L. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The fruit is collected in autumn when ripe, dried in the sun, removed from the pericarp, and the seed is gathered.
本品为大戟科植物蓖麻Ricinus communis L.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采摘成熟果实，晒干，除去果壳，收集种子。

Description 性状

Ellipsoidal or ovoid, slightly flattened, 0.9-1.8 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide. Externally smooth, alternately with greyish-white and blackish-brown or yellowish-brown and reddish-brown piebald striations. One side relatively even, bearing 1 prominent raphe, and the other side slightly raised. A greyish-white or pale brown, prominent caruncle at one end. Testa thin and brittle, endosperm plump, white and oily, cotyledons 2, thin. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.
本品呈椭圆形或卵形，稍扁，长0.9～1.8cm，宽0.5～1cm。表面光滑，有灰白色与黑褐色或黄棕色与红棕色相间的花斑纹。一面较平，一面较隆起，较平的一面有1条隆起的种脊；一端有灰白色或浅棕色突起的种阜。种皮薄而脆。胚乳肥厚，白色，富油性，子叶2，菲薄。气微，味微苦辛。

Identification 鉴别

（2）取本品粗粉1g，加无水乙醇10ml，冷浸30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取蓖麻子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取蓖麻酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各1μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（14：4：0.4）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（1）本品粉末灰黄色或黄棕色。种皮栅状细胞红棕色，细长柱形，排列紧密，孔沟细密，胞腔内含红棕色物质。外胚乳组织细胞壁不明显，密布细小圆簇状结晶体，菊花形或圆球形，直径8～20mm。内胚乳细胞类多角形，胞腔内含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 7.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过7.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Ranicidy 酸败度

Carry out the method for Ranicidy determination <2303>.
照酸败度测定法（通则2303）测定。

Acid value 酸值

Not more than 35.0.
不得过35.0。

Carbonyl value 羰基值

Not more than 7.0.
不得过7.0。

Peroxide value 过氧化值

Not more than 0.20.
不得过0.20。

Assay Ricinine 蓖麻碱

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

Chromatographic system and system suitability 色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, and a mixture of acetonitrile, water and diethylamine (11:89:0.03) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 307 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 3000, calculated with reference to the peak of ricinine.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水-二乙胺（11：89：0.03）为流动相；检测波长为307nm。理论板数按蓖麻碱峰计算应不低于3000。

Reference solution 对照品溶液的制备

Dissolve a quantity of ricinine CRS, weighed accurately, in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.125 mg per ml.
取蓖麻碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.125mg的溶液，即得。

Test solution 供试品溶液的制备

Weigh accurately 2.5 g of the powder (through No. 2 sieve) into a Soxhlet's extractor, add an appropriate quantity of petroleum ether (60-90℃), heat under reflux for 4 hours, discard the petroleum ether solution. After expelling the solvent, transfer the residue to a stopper conical flask, add accurately 50 ml 50% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 2 hour, allow to cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of the weight with 50% methanol, mix well and filter, use the successive filtrate as the test solution.
取本品粉末（过二号筛）约2.5g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流提取4小时，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥去溶剂，转移至具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

Procedure 测定法

Inject 10 μl of each of the reference and the test solutions, accurately measured, into the column, and calculate the content.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

It contains not less than 0.23 per cent of ricinine (C8H8N2O2), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
本品按干燥品计算，含蓖麻碱（C8H8N2O2）不得过0.23%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Castor Seed 蓖麻子

Processing 炮制

Eliminate foreign matter, remove the testa and break to pieces before use.
用时去壳，捣碎。

Property 性

Neutral; sweet and pungent; toxic.
甘、辛，平；有毒。

Flavor 味

Large intestine and lung meridians.
归大肠、肺经。

Actions 功能

To purge downward, open bowels, disperse swelling and draw out toxin.
泻下通滞，消肿拔毒。

Indications 主治

Dry stool bind, abscesses, cellulitis, swelling and toxin, throat bi disorder, and scrofula.
用于大便燥结，痈疽肿毒，喉痹，瘰疬。

Dosage 用量

2-5 g. Appropriate amount for topical application.
2～5g。外用适量。

Administration 用法

Add when the decoction is nearly done.
后下。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a cool and dry place.
置阴凉干燥处。