紫菀

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Aster Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f. (Fam. Compositae). It is collected in spring and autumn, removed from the rhizome with nodes (known as "mother root") and impurities, and dried in braids or directly in the sun.
本品为菊科植物紫菀Aster tataricus L. f.的干燥根和根茎。春、秋二季采挖，除去有节的根茎（习称“母根”）和泥沙，编成辫状晒干，或直接晒干。

Description 性状

Rhizomes irregularly shaped, various in size, with remnants of stems and leaves at the top; texture slightly hard. Rhizomes clustered with numerous fine roots, 3-15cm long, 0.1-0.3cm in diameter, often braided; surface purple-red or grayish-red, with longitudinal wrinkles; texture relatively soft and flexible. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.
本品根茎呈不规则块状，大小不一，顶端有茎、叶的残基；质稍硬。根茎簇生多数细根，长3～15cm，直径0.1～0.3cm，多编成辫状；表面紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹；质较柔韧。气微香，味甜、微苦。

Identification 鉴别

（1）The transverse section of the rhizome: epidermal cells mostly shriveled or sometimes detached, containing purple-red pigments. Subepidermal cells in one row, slightly elongated tangentially, with slightly thickened side walls and inner walls, some containing purple-red pigments. Cortex wide, with intercellular spaces; 4-6 secretory ducts located on the inner side of the cortex; endodermis distinct. Pith small, wood slightly polygonal; phloem bundles located between the arcs of the wood; usually with pith in the center.
（1）本品根横切面∶表皮细胞多萎缩或有时脱落，内含紫红色色素。下皮细胞1列，略切向延长，侧壁及内壁稍厚，有的含紫红色色素。皮层宽广，有细胞间隙；分泌道4～6个，位于皮层内侧；内皮层明显。中柱小，木质部略呈多角形；韧皮部束位于木质部弧角间；中央通常有髓。

Rhizome epidermis with glandular hairs, cortex scattered with stone cells and thick-walled cells. Thin-walled cells in roots and rhizomes contain inulin, and some contain clusters of calcium oxalate crystals.
根茎表皮有腺毛，皮层散有石细胞和厚壁细胞。根和根茎薄壁细胞含菊糖，有的含草酸钙簇晶。

（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 25ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take asterone CRS, dissolve in ethyl acetate to produce a solution containing 1mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and ethyl acetate(9:1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 3μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫菀酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（9∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过15.0%（通则2302）。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过8.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 45.0 per cent.
照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于45.0%。

Content determination 含量测定

Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (96:4) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 200nm; column temperature 40°C. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinin should not be less than 3500.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（96∶4）为流动相；检测波长为200nm；柱温40℃。理论板数按紫菀酮峰计算应不低于3500。

Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备

Take an appropriate amount of artemisinin reference substance, accurately weigh, add acetonitrile to make a solution containing 0.1mg per ml.
取紫菀酮对照品适量，精密称定，加乙腈制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。

Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备

Take about 1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20ml of methanol, weigh, immerse at 40°C for 1 hour, ultrasonicate (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 15 minutes, take out, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇20ml，称定重量，40℃温浸1小时，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）15分钟，取出，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

Determination method 测定法

Accurately take 20μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

Calculated on the dried product, the content of artemisinin (C30H50O) should not be less than 0.15%.
本品按干燥品计算，含紫菀酮（C30H50O）不得少于0.15%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Artemisia annua 紫菀

Processing 炮制

Remove impurities, wash, slightly moisten, cut into thick slices or sections, and dry.
除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切厚片或段，干燥。

Description 性状

This product is irregular thick slices or segments. The outer epidermis of the root is purplish-red or grayish-red with longitudinal wrinkles. The cut surface is pale brown with a brownish-yellow wooden core in the center. The gas is slightly fragrant, sweet and slightly bitter.
本品呈不规则的厚片或段。根外表皮紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹。切面淡棕色，中心具棕黄色的木心。气微香，味甜，微苦。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Extractives 浸出物

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Content determination 含量测定

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Honey-fried Artemisia annua 蜜紫菀

Processing 炮制

Take the slices of Artemisia annua (sections), fry them according to the method of honey-fried <0213> until they are not sticky.
取紫菀片（段），照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至不粘手。

Description 性状

This product is similar to the slices of Artemisia annua (sections), with a brownish or purplish-brown surface. It has a honey aroma and a sweet taste.
本品形如紫菀片（段），表面棕褐色或紫棕色。有蜜香气，味甜。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Same as the crude drug. Not more than 16.0 per cent.
同药材。不得过16.0%。

Content determination 含量测定

Same as the crude drug, the content of artemisinin (C30H50O) should not be less than 0.10%.
同药材，含紫菀酮（C30H50O）不得少于0.10%。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Property 性

Warm.
温。

Flavor 味

Pungent and bitter.
辛、苦。

Meridian tropism 归经

Lung meridian.
归肺经。

Actions 功能

Nourish the lungs and descend qi, resolve phlegm and stop coughing.
润肺下气，消痰止咳。

Indications 主治

Used for cough with abundant phlegm, acute or chronic cough, and cough with blood due to lung deficiency.
用于痰多喘咳，新久咳嗽，劳嗽咳血。

Dosage 用量

5-10g.
5～10g。

Administration 用法

None.
无。

Storage 贮藏

Store in a cool and dry place, protected from moisture.
置阴凉干燥处，防潮。

紫菀

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Tatarian Aster Root is the dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in spring or autumn, removed from the knotty rhizome and soil, braided and dried in the sun, or dried in the sun directly.
本品为菊科植物紫菀Aster tataricus L.f.的干燥根和根茎。春、秋二季采挖，除去有节的根茎（习称“母根”）和泥沙，编成辫状晒干，或直接晒干。

Description 性状

Rhizomes in irregular masses, varying in size, apex with remains of stems and leaves. Texture slightly hard. Numerous rootlets fasciculated on rhizomes, 3-15 cm long, 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter, frequently braided; externally purplish-red or greyish-red, with longitudinal wrinkles. Texture flexible. Odour, slightly aromatic ； taste, sweet and slightly bitter.
本品根茎呈不规则块状，大小不一，顶端有茎、叶的残基；质稍硬。根茎簇生多数细根，长3～15cm，直径0.1～0.3cm，多编成辫状；表面紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹；质较柔韧。气微香，味甜、微苦。

Identification 鉴别

根茎表皮有腺毛，皮层散有石细胞和厚壁细胞。根和根茎薄壁细胞含菊糖，有的含草酸钙簇晶。
（1）本品根横切面：表皮细胞多萎缩或有时脱落，内含紫红色色素。下皮细胞1列，略切向延长，侧壁及内壁稍厚，有的含紫红色色素。皮层宽广，有细胞间隙；分泌道4～6个，位于皮层内侧；内皮层明显。中柱小，木质部略呈多角形；韧皮部束位于木质部弧角间；中央通常有髓。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过15.0%（通则2302）。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过8.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201 , the hot extraction method >, not less than 45.0 per cent.
照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于45.0%。

Assay 含量测定

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（96：4）为流动相；检测波长为200nm；柱温40℃。理论板数按紫菀酮峰计算应不低于3500。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Prepared slices 饮片

Tatarian Aster 紫菀

Processing 炮制

Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thick slices, and dry.
除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切厚片或段，干燥。

In irregular thick slices or sections. Root externally purplish-red or greyish-red, with longitudinal wrinkles. Cut surface pale brown, with a brownish-yellow wood part in centre. Odour, slightly aromatic； taste, sweet and slightly bitter.
本品呈不规则的厚片或段。根外表皮紫红色或灰红色，有纵皱纹。切面淡棕色，中心具棕黄色的木心。气微香，味甜，微苦。

Asteris Radix (stir-baked 'with honey ) 蜜紫菀

Stir-bake the slices of Asteris Radix as described under the method of stir-baking with honey<0213>until no more sticky to fingers.
取紫菀片（段），照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至不粘手。

The shape similar to the slices or sections, externally brown or purplish-brown. With honey aromatic odour； taste, sweet.
本品形如紫菀片（段），表面棕褐色或紫棕色。有蜜香气，味甜。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Same as the crude drug, not more than 16.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过16.0%。

Assay 含量测定

Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.10 per cent of shionone (C30H50O).
同药材，含紫菀酮（C30H50O）不得少于0.10%。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Property and Flavor 性味与归经

Warm； pungent, bitter. Meridian tropism Lung meridian.
辛、苦，温。归肺经。

Actions 功能与主治

To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, resolve phlegm and suppress cough. Indications Profuse sputum, wheezing, acute or chronic cough, and cough in consumptive disease with hemo-ptysis.
润肺下气，消痰止咳。用于痰多喘咳，新久咳嗽，劳嗽咳血。

Administration and dosage 用法与用量

5-10 g.
5～10g。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.
置阴凉干燥处，防潮。