This product is the dried flower bud of the Tussilago farfara L., a plant from the Asteraceae family. It is harvested in December or before the ground freezes when the flower has not yet emerged from the soil. The flower stem and dirt are removed, and it is dried in the shade.
根据《中国药典·2020年版·一部》记载：本品为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L. 的干燥花蕾。12月或地冻前当花尚未出土时采挖，除去花梗和泥沙，阴干。
NMM ID | nmm-01v0 |
Systematic Name | Tussilago farfara Flower-bud |
Systematic Chinese Name | 款冬花蕾（kuǎn dōng huā lěi） |
Generic Name | Kuan-dong-hua |
Generic Chinese Name | 款冬花（kuǎn dōng huā） |
Standardized Translation | Tussilago farfara Flower-bud (NMM-01V0, Kuan-dong-hua) |
Standardized Chinese Translation | 款冬花蕾（NMM-01V0，款冬花） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Tussilago farfara | 款冬 |
Medicinal Parts | flower bud | 花蕾 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried flower bud of the Tussilago farfara L., a plant from the Asteraceae family. It is harvested in December or before the ground freezes when the flower has not yet emerged from the soil. The flower stem and dirt are removed, and it is dried in the shade. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
款冬花
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》{{ref|sna-ref-4，pages=346--347}
Overview 概述
Coltsfoot Flower is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in December or before the ground freezes, when the flowers have not yet emerged, removed from the peduncle and sand, and dried in the shade.
本品为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾。12月或地冻前当花尚未出土时采挖，除去花梗和泥沙，阴干。
Description 性状
The drug is cylindrical, long and round. It is solitary or 2-3 connected at the base, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. The upper end is thicker, the lower end gradually becomes thinner or has a short stalk, and the outer surface is covered with many fish scale-like bracts. The outer surface of the bracts is purplish-red or pale red, and the inner surface is densely covered with white woolly hairs. The body is light, and white woolly hairs can be seen when torn. It has a fragrant odor, and a slightly bitter and pungent taste.
本品呈长圆棒状。单生或2～3个基部连生，长1～2.5cm，直径0.5～1cm。上端较粗，下端渐细或带有短梗，外面被有多数鱼鳞状苞片。苞片外表面紫红色或淡红色，内表面密被白色絮状茸毛。体轻，撕开后可见白色茸毛。气香，味微苦而辛。
Identification 鉴别
(1) The powder is brown. There are more non-glandular hairs, which are single cells twisted and coiled into clusters with a diameter of 5-24μm. The glandular hairs are slightly club-shaped, with 4-8 cells in the head and 2 rows of cells in the stalk. The pollen grains are small, spherical, with a diameter of 25-48μm, and the surface has spines and 3 germination pores. The corolla hairs are branched, each branch is a single cell, and the tip is gradually pointed. The secretory cells are round or elongated, containing yellow secretions.
（1）本品粉末棕色。非腺毛较多，单细胞，扭曲盘绕成团，直径5～24μm。腺毛略呈棒槌形，头部4～8细胞，柄部细胞2列。花粉粒细小，类球形，直径25～48μm，表面具尖刺，3萌发孔。冠毛分枝状，各分枝单细胞，先端渐尖。分泌细胞类圆形或长圆形，含黄色分泌物。
(2) To 1g of the powder add 20 ml of ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Coltsfoot Flower, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take the reference substance Coltsfoot Ketone, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and acetone(6:1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-5 μl of each of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 2 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution.
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取款冬花对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。另取款冬酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各2～5μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-丙酮（6︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
Extractives 浸出物
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 20.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Content determination 含量测定
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验
The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (85:15) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 220nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of Coltsfoot Ketone should not be less than 5000.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（85︰15）为流动相；检测波长为220nm。理论板数按款冬酮峰计算应不低于5000。
Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备
Preparation of reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of Coltsfoot Ketone reference substance, accurately weigh, add the mobile phase to make a solution containing 50μg per ml, and set aside.
取款冬酮对照品适量，精密称定，加流动相制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备
Preparation of test solution: Take about 1g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of the drug, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20ml of ethanol, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 200W, frequency 40kHz) for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight lost with ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate, which is the test solution.
取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇20ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率200W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Assay method 测定法
Method: Precisely aspirate 20μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Calculated on the dried product, it contains not less than 0.070% of Coltsfoot Ketone (C23H34O5).
本品按干燥品计算，含款冬酮（C23H34O5）不得少于0.070%。
Prepared slices 饮片
Farfara Flos 款冬花
Processing 炮制
Eliminate Foreign matter and residual peduncle.
除去杂质及残梗。
Description 性状
Same as the herb.
同药材。
Identification 鉴别
Same as the herb.
同药材。
Extractives 浸出物
Same as the herb.
同药材。
Assay 含量测定
Same as the herb.
同药材。
Farfara Flos (processed with honey) 蜜款冬花
Processing 炮制
Take the clean Farfara Flos, according to the honey-roasted method <0213>, fried with honey water until not sticky.
取净款冬花，照蜜炙法（通则0213）用蜜水炒至不粘手。
Description 性状
This product is shaped like Farfara Flos, the surface is brownish yellow or brown, slightly sticky. It has honey aroma and slightly sweet taste.
本品形如款冬花，表面棕黄色或棕褐色，稍带黏性。具蜜香气，味微甜。
Extractives 浸出物
Same as the herb, not less than 22.0 per cent.
同药材，不得少于22.0%。
Identification 鉴别
Same as the herb.
同药材。
Assay 含量测定
Same as the herb.
同药材。
Property 性
warm.
温。
Flavor 味
Pungent, mild bitter.
辛、微苦。
Meridian tropism 归经
Lung meridian.
归肺经。
Actions 功能
To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, suppress cough and resolve phlegm.
润肺下气，止咳化痰。
Indications 主治
Used for cough with phlegm, asthma with cough and abundant phlegm, and cough with blood due to lung deficiency.
用于新久咳嗽，喘咳痰多，劳嗽咳血。
Dosage 用量
5-10 g.
5～10g。
Administration 用法
None.
无。
Storage 贮藏
Store in a dry place, moisture-proof, and moth-proof.
置干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
款冬花
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Overview 概述
Common Coltsfoot Flower is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in December or before the ground is frozen while the flower is still under the ground, removed from pedicels and soil, and dried in shade.
本品为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾。12月或地冻前当花尚未出土时采挖，除去花梗和泥沙，阴干。
Description 性状
Long clavate. Solitary or 2-3 accreted at the base, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. The upper part broader and the lower part gradually slender or pedicelled, enclosed by numerous scaly bracts. The outer surface of bracts purplish-red or pale red,inner surface densely covered with white flocky hairs. Light, showing white hairs after ripping.Odour,aromatic;taste,slightly bitter and pungent.
本品呈长圆棒状。单生或2～3个基部连生，长1～2.5cm，直径0.5～1cm。上端较粗，下端渐细或带有短梗，外面被有多数鱼鳞状苞片。苞片外表面紫红色或淡红色，内表面密被白色絮状茸毛。体轻，撕开后可见白色茸毛。气香，味微苦而辛。
Identification 鉴别
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取款冬花对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。另取款冬酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各2～5μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-丙酮（6：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，再以同一展开剂展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（1）本品粉末棕色。非腺毛较多，单细胞，扭曲盘绕成团，直径5～24μm。腺毛略呈棒槌形，头部4～8细胞，柄部细胞2列。花粉粒细小，类球形，直径25～48μm，表面具尖刺，3萌发孔。冠毛分枝状，各分枝单细胞，先端渐尖。分泌细胞类圆形或长圆形，含黄色分泌物。
Examination 检查
Water 水分
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Total ash 总灰分
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Extractives 浸出物
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201,the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Assay 含量测定
Assay Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0502>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（85：15）为流动相；检测波长为220nm。理论板数按款冬酮峰计算应不低于5000。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验
取款冬酮对照品适量，精密称定，加流动相制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
对照品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇20ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率200W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
供试品溶液的制备
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
测定法
It contains not less than 0.070 per cent of tussilagone (C23H34O5) ,calculated with reference to the dried drug.
本品按干燥品计算，含款冬酮（C23H34O5）不得少于0.070%。
Prepared slices 饮片
Common Coltsfoot Flower 款冬花
Processing 炮制
Eliminate foreign matter and residual pedicels.
除去杂质及残梗。
Common Coltsfoot Flower (processed with honey) 蜜款冬花
Processing 炮制
Stir-bake the clean Common Coltsfoot Flower as described under the method for stir-baking with honey<0213> until it is no longer sticky to fingers.
取净款冬花，照蜜炙法（通则0213）用蜜水炒至不粘手。
Similar to the crude drug in shape, externally brownish-yellow or brown, slightly sticky; odour, honey-aromatic; taste, slightly sweet.
本品形如款冬花，表面棕黄色或棕褐色，稍带黏性。具蜜香气，味微甜。
Extractives 浸出物
Extractives Not less than 22.0 per cent as required for the crude drug.
同药材，不得少于22.0%。
Identification 鉴别
Identification As required for the crude drug.
同药材。
Assay 含量测定
Assay As required for the crude drug.
同药材。
Property and Flavor 性味与归经
Warm; pungent, mild bitter. Meridian tropism: Lung meridian.
辛、微苦，温。归肺经。
Actions and Indications 功能与主治
To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, suppress cough, and resolve phlegm. Indicated for acute and chronic cough, wheezing and cough with profuse sputum, cough caused by consumptive disease with hemoptysis.
润肺下气，止咳化痰。用于新久咳嗽，喘咳痰多，劳嗽咳血。
Administration and Dosage 用法与用量
5-10 g.
5～10g。
Storage 贮藏
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moisture and moth.
置干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
This Natural Herb 本天然药材
This product is the dried flower bud of the Tussilago farfara L., a plant from the Asteraceae family.
本天然药材为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L. 的干燥花蕾。
It is harvested in December or before the ground freezes when the flower has not yet emerged from the soil. The flower stem and dirt are removed, and it is dried in the shade.
12月或地冻前当花尚未出土时采挖，除去花梗和泥沙，阴干。