According to the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition, Volume I), this product is the dried mature fruit of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis), a plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. The fruits are harvested from September to November when they ripen and turn reddish-yellow. After removing the fruit stalks and impurities, the fruits are steamed until steam rises or briefly blanched in boiling water, then removed and dried.
根据《中国药典·2020年版·一部》记载：本品为茜草科植物栀子 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 的干燥成熟果实。9～11月果实成熟呈红黄色时采收，除去果梗和杂质，蒸至上气或置沸水中略烫，取出，干燥。
NMM ID | nmm-01g8 |
Systematic Name | Gardenia jasminoides Fruit |
Systematic Chinese Name | 栀子果实（zhī zi guǒ shí） |
Generic Name | Zhi-zi |
Generic Chinese Name | 栀子（zhī zi） |
Standardized Translation | Gardenia jasminoides Fruit (NMM-01G8, Zhi-zi) |
Standardized Chinese Translation | 栀子果实（NMM-01G8，栀子） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Gardenia jasminoides | 栀子 |
Medicinal Parts | fruit | 果实 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried mature fruit of the plant Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a member of the Rubiaceae family. The fruit is harvested between September and November when it matures to a red-yellow color. The fruit stem and impurities are removed, then it is steamed until it is heated through or slightly scalded in boiling water, then removed and dried. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
栀子
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
Overview 概述
Gardenia Fruit is the dried mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Fam. Rubiaceae). The fruit is collected when it is ripe and turns red-yellow in color from September to November. After removing the stalk and impurities, it is steamed until it is slightly hot or blanched in boiling water, then taken out and dried.
本品为茜草科植物栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis的干燥成熟果实。9～11月果实成熟呈红黄色时采收，除去果梗和杂质，蒸至上气或置沸水中略烫，取出，干燥。
Description 性状
The fruit is oblong-ovate or elliptical, measuring 1.5-3.5cm long and 1-1.5cm in diameter. The surface is red-yellow or reddish-brown, with 6 wing-like longitudinal ridges, often with 1 obvious longitudinal vein and branches. The apex retains calyx lobes, the base is slightly pointed, and the residual fruit stalk is present. The fruit peel is thin and brittle, with a slight luster; the inner surface is lighter in color and glossy, with 2-3 raised false septa. There are numerous seeds, which are flattened-ovate and clustered together, with a deep red or red-yellow color and a surface covered with small wart-like protrusions. It has a slight odor and a slightly sour and bitter taste.
本品呈长卵圆形或椭圆形，长1.5～3.5cm，直径1～1.5cm。表面红黄色或棕红色，具6条翅状纵棱，棱间常有1条明显的纵脉纹，并有分枝。顶端残存萼片，基部稍尖，有残留果梗。果皮薄而脆，略有光泽；内表面色较浅，有光泽，具2～3条隆起的假隔膜。种子多数，扁卵圆形，集结成团，深红色或红黄色，表面密具细小疣状突起。气微，味微酸而苦。
Identification 鉴别
（1）The powder of this product is reddish-brown. The stone cells of the inner pericarp are elongated, circular, or triangular, often arranged in alternating layers or connected with fibers, with a diameter of 14-34μm and a length of about 75μm, and a wall thickness of 4-13μm; the cell cavity often contains calcium oxalate prisms. The inner pericarp fibers are slender and fusiform, with a diameter of about 10μm and a length of about 110μm, often arranged in a staggered and obliquely embedded pattern. The stone cells of the seed coat are yellow or light brown, with a long polygonal, rectangular, or irregular shape, a diameter of 60-112μm, a length of up to 230μm, a thick wall, large reticulate pores, and a reddish-brown cell cavity. The calcium oxalate cluster crystal has a diameter of 19-34μm.
（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮石细胞类长方形、类圆形或类三角形，常上下层交错排列或与纤维连结，直径14～34μm，长约至75μm，壁厚4～13μm；胞腔内常含草酸钙方晶。内果皮纤维细长，梭形，直径约10μm，长约至110μm，常交错、斜向镶嵌状排列。种皮石细胞黄色或淡棕色，长多角形、长方形或形状不规则，直径60～112μm，长至230μm，壁厚，纹孔甚大，胞腔棕红色。草酸钙簇晶直径19～34μm。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of 50% methanol, and sonicate for 40 minutes. Filter and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference material of Gardenia Fruit and prepare a solution of the reference material using the same method. Take Gardenoside CRS and prepare a solution containing 4mg per ml as the reference solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> using the above three solutions, with 2μl of each solution spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. Use ethyl acetate-acetone-formic acid-water (5:5:1:1) as the mobile phase, develop, remove, and dry the plate. In the chromatogram of the test solution, yellow spots appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the reference material; then spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol and heat at 110°C until the spots are clearly visible. In the chromatogram of the test solution, spots of the same color appear at the corresponding positions of the chromatograms of the reference material and the reference solution.
（2）取本品粉末1g，加50%甲醇10ml，超声处理40分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取栀子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取栀子苷对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含4mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-丙酮-甲酸-水（5∶5∶1∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的黄色斑点；再喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
Examination 检查
Water 水分
Not more than 8.5 per cent <0832,method 2>.
不得过8.5%（通则0832第二法）。
Total ash 总灰分
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Heavy metals and harmful elements 重金属及有害元素
Determined by the method of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper (atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) <2321>. The lead content should not exceed 5mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 1mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; the copper content should not exceed 20mg/kg.
照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过lmg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg；汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Content determination 含量测定
Determined by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验
Using octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; acetonitrile-water (15:85) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength at 238nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of gardenoside should not be less than 1500.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（15∶85）为流动相；检测波长为238nm。理论板数按栀子苷峰计算应不低于1500。
Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备
Take an appropriate amount of Gardenoside CRS, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 30μg per ml, and set aside.
取栀子苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含30μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备
Take about 0.1g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of this product, accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of methanol, weigh it, sonicate for 20 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, and filter. Accurately take 10ml of the filtrate, place it in a 25ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and set aside.
取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液10ml，置25ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Determination method 测定法
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of gardenoside (C17H24O10) should not be less than 1.8%.
本品按干燥品计算，含栀子苷（C17H24O10）不得少于1.8%。
Prepared slices 饮片
Gardenia Fruit 栀子
Processing 炮制
Eliminate Foreign matter, grind.
除去杂质，碾碎。
Description 性状
This product is in irregular pieces. The surface of the peel is reddish-yellow or brownish-red, and some can see wing-like longitudinal ridges. The seeds are numerous, oblate-oval, dark red or reddish-yellow. The gas is slight, and the taste is slightly sour and bitter.
本品呈不规则的碎块。果皮表面红黄色或棕红色，有的可见翅状纵棱。种子多数，扁卵圆形，深红色或红黄色。气微，味微酸而苦。
Identification 鉴别
Same as the crude drug.
同药材。
Examination 检查
Same as the crude drug.
同药材。
Content determination 含量测定
Same as the crude drug.
同药材。
Fried Gardenia Fruit 炒栀子
Processing 炮制
Take the clean Gardenia Fruit and fry it until it is yellow-brown according to the stir-fry method <0213>.
取净栀子，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至黄褐色。
Description 性状
This product is shaped like a gardenia fragment and is yellow-brown.
本品形如栀子碎块，黄褐色。
Content determination 含量测定
Same as the crude drug, the content of gardenoside (C17H24O10) should not be less than 1.5%.
同药材，药材含栀子苷（C17H24O10）不得少于1.5%。
Identification 鉴别
Water 水分
Same as the crude drug.
同药材。
Total ash 总灰分
Same as the crude drug.
同药材。
Examination 检查
Water 水分
Same as the crude drug.
同药材。
Total ash 总灰分
Same as the crude drug.
同药材。
Property 性
Cold.
寒。
Flavor 味
Bitter.
苦。
Meridian tropism 归经
Heart, lung, and triple energizer meridians.
归心、肺、三焦经。
Actions 功能
To clear heat and relieve restlessness, clear heat and promote diuresis, cool blood and detoxify; externally used to reduce swelling and relieve pain.
泻火除烦，清热利湿，凉血解毒；外用消肿止痛。
Indications 主治
Used for restlessness due to fever, damp-heat jaundice, stranguria with pain, vomiting of blood due to blood heat, redness, swelling and pain of the eyes, and fire-toxin sores and ulcers; externally used for sprains and pain.
用于热病心烦，湿热黄疸，淋证涩痛，血热吐衄，目赤肿痛，火毒疮疡；外治扭挫伤痛。
Dosage 用量
6-10g. For external use, take an appropriate amount of the raw product.
6～10g。外用生品适量。
Administration 用法
Ggrind it into powder, and apply it topically.
研末调敷。
Storage 贮藏
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.
置通风干燥处。
栀子
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Overview 概述
Cape Jasmine Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Fam. Rubiaceae). The drug is collected from September to November when it turns reddish-yellow, removed from the fruit stalk and foreign matter, steamed thoroughly or treated with boiling water for a moment, then dried.
本品为茜草科植物栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 的干燥成熟果实。9～11月果实成熟呈红黄色时采收，除去果梗和杂质，蒸至上气或置沸水中略烫，取出，干燥。
Description 性状
Prolate-ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-3.5 cm long. 1-1.5 cm in diameter. The outer surface reddish-yellow or brownish-red, with 6 longitudinal winged ribs and a conspicuous longitudinal and branched vein between two ribs. Summit bearing remains of sepals, base somewhat tapering and having a remain of fruit stalk. Pericarp thin and brittle, somewhat lustrous; the inner surface relatively pale in colour, lustrous. with 2-3 raised false septa. Seeds numerous, flattened-ovoid, aggregated into a mass, deep red or reddish-yellow, with fine and dense warts on the surface. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour and bitter.
本品呈长卵圆形或椭圆形，长1.5～3.5cm，直径1～1.5cm。表面红黄色或棕红色，具6条翅状纵棱，棱间常有1条明显的纵脉纹，并有分枝。顶端残存萼片，基部稍尖，有残留果梗。果皮薄而脆，略有光泽；内表面色较浅，有光泽，具2～3条隆起的假隔膜。种子多数，扁卵圆形，集结成团，深红色或红黄色，表面密具细小疣状突起。气微，味微酸而苦。
Identification 鉴别
（2）取本品粉末1g，加50%甲醇10ml，超声处理40分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取栀子对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取栀子苷对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含4mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-丙酮-甲酸-水（5：5：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的黄色斑点；再喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮石细胞类长方形、类圆形或类三角形，常上下层交错排列或与纤维连结，直径14～34μm，长约至75μm，壁厚4～13μm；胞腔内常含草酸钙方晶。内果皮纤维细长，梭形，直径约10μm，长约至110μm，常交错、斜向镶嵌状排列。种皮石细胞黄色或淡棕色，长多角形、长方形或形状不规则，直径60～112μm，长至230μm，壁厚，纹孔甚大，胞腔棕红色。草酸钙簇晶直径19～34μm。
Examination 检查
Water 水分
Not more than 8.5 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过8.5%（通则0832 第二法）。
Total ash 总灰分
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Assay 含量测定
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（15：85）为流动相；检测波长为238nm。理论板数按栀子苷峰计算应不低于1500。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验
取栀子苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含30μg的溶液，即得。
对照品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液10ml，置25ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
供试品溶液的制备
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
测定法
It contains not less than 1.8 per cent of gardenoside (C17H24O10), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
本品按干燥品计算，含栀子苷（C17H24O10）不得少于1.8%。
Prepared slices 饮片
Cape Jasmine 栀子
Processing 炮制
Eliminate foreign matter and grind to pieces.
除去杂质，碾碎。
In irregular pieces. The outer surface reddish-yellow or brownish-red, some with 6 longitudinal winged ribs. Seeds numerous, flattened-ovoid, dark red or reddish-yellow. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour and bitter.
本品呈不规则的碎块。果皮表面红黄色或棕红色，有的可见翅状纵横。种子多数，扁卵圆形，深红色或红黄色。气微，味微酸而苦。
Identification 鉴别
Examination 检查
Assay 含量测定
As required for the crude drug.
同药材。
Stir-baked Cape Jasmine 炒栀子
Stir-bake the clean Cape Jasmine as described under the method for simple stir-baking <0213> until its outer part turns to yellowish brown.
取净栀子，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至黄褐色。
Similar to the processed slices in shape.
本品形如栀子碎块，黄褐色。
Assay 含量测定
As required for the crude drug. It contains not less than 1.5 per cent of gardenoside (C17H24O10), following the method for the crude drug.
同药材，药材含栀子苷不得少于1.5%。
Property and Flavor 性味与归经
Cold; bitter.
苦，寒。归心、肺、三焦经。
Actions 功能与主治
To purge fire to relieve vexation, clear heat and drain dampness, cool the blood, remove toxin; topical application: disperse swelling and relieve pain. Indicated for febrile disease with vexation, dampness-heat jaundice, stranguria with slow pain, blood heat with hematemesis, red painful swelling eye, fire-toxin sore and ulcer; topical application: sprain and contusions.
泻火除烦，清热利湿，凉血解毒；外用消肿止痛。用于热病心烦，湿热黄疸，淋证涩痛，血热吐衄，目赤肿痛，火毒疮疡；外治扭挫伤痛。
Administration and dosage 用法与用量
6-10 g. Topical application: appropriate amount of unprocessed, ground into powder for application.
6～10g。外用生品适量，研末调敷。
Storage 贮藏
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.
置通风干燥处。
This Natural Herb 本天然药材
This product is the dried mature fruit of the plant Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a member of the Rubiaceae family.
本天然药材为茜草科植物栀子Gardenia jasminoides Ellis的干燥成熟果实。
Harvesting and Processing 采收加工
The fruit is harvested between September and November when it matures to a red-yellow color. The fruit stem and impurities are removed, then it is steamed until it is heated through or slightly scalded in boiling water, then removed and dried.
9～11月果实成熟呈红黄色时采收，除去果梗和杂质，蒸至上气或置沸水中略烫，取出，干燥。