竹节参

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Rhizoma Panacis Japonici is the dried rhizome and root of Panax japonicus C.A.Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from the main root and bark, and dried.
本品为五加科植物竹节参Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.的干燥根茎。秋季采挖，除去主根和外皮，干燥。

Description 性状

Rhizome cylindrical, slightly curved, some with fleshy lateral roots, 5-22cm long, 0.8-2.5cm in diameter; surface yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with dense longitudinal wrinkles and root scars; nodes distinct, internodes 0.8-2cm long, each node with 1 depressed stem scar; texture hard, fracture yellowish-white to pale yellow-brown, yellow dot-like vascular bundles arranged in a ring; odour, slight; taste, bitter followed by slight sweetness.
本品略呈圆柱形，稍弯曲，有的具肉质侧根。长5～22cm，直径0.8～2.5cm。表面黄色或黄褐色，粗糙，有致密的纵皱纹及根痕。节明显，节间长0.8～2cm，每节有1凹陷的茎痕。质硬，断面黄白色至淡黄棕色，黄色点状维管束排列成环。气微，味苦、后微甜。

Identification 鉴别

（1）Cross-section of this product: The cork layer is 2~10 rows of cells. The cortex is slightly wider, with a few secretory tracts. The vascular bundles are externally tough, arranged in a ring-like pattern, and the cambium layer forms a loop. Occasionally, the secretory tract is seen in the phloem. The xylem bundles are slightly arranged in 2~4 rows radially, and some are arranged in a single row; Wood fibers are often 1~4 bundles, and some fiber bundles have larger lignified thick-walled cells next to them. There is a medulla in the center. The parenchyma cells contain many calcium oxalate clusters, with a diameter of 17~70μm, and contain starch granules.
（1）本品横切面：木栓层为2～10列细胞。皮层稍宽，有少数分泌道。维管束外韧型，环状排列，形成层成环。韧皮部偶见分泌道。木质部束略作2～4列放射状排列，也有呈单行排列；木纤维常1～4束，有的纤维束旁有较大的木化厚壁细胞。中央有髓。薄壁细胞中含众多草酸钙簇晶，直径17～70μm，并含淀粉粒。

Powder yellowish-white to yellowish-brown. Wood fibres in bundles, about 25 μm in diameter, walls slightly thickened, with oblique fissures, some crossing to form a herringbone pattern. Calcium oxalate clusters numerous, about 15-70μm in diameter. Laticiferous vessels, reticulate vessels or vessels with bordered pits, about 20-70 μm in diameter. Fragments of resin canals occasionally seen, containing yellowish masses. Fragments of cork tissue cells polygonal, rectangular or irregular, walls thickened. Numerous starch grains, mostly single, nearly spherical, about 10μm in diameter, some already gelatinized.
粉末黄白色至黄棕色。木纤维成束，直径约25μm，壁稍厚，纹孔斜裂缝状，有的交叉呈人字形。草酸钙簇晶多见，直径15～70μm。梯纹导管、网纹导管或具缘纹孔导管直径20～70μm。树脂道碎片偶见，内含黄色块状物。木栓组织碎片细胞呈多角形、长方形或不规则形，壁厚。淀粉粒众多，多单粒，呈类圆形，直径约10μm，或已糊化。

（2）To about 0.2g of the powder add 25ml of 60% methanol, treat under ultrasound for 40 min, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution containing 1mg per ml of ginsenoside Ro CRS and a solution containing 1mg per ml of ginsenoside IVa CRS in 60% methanol as the Reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, methanol, formic acid and water (4.5:1.5:0.1:0.3) as the lower layer solution. Apply separately to the plate 10μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solutions.
（2）取本品粉末约0.2g，加60%甲醇25ml，超声处理40分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取人参皂苷Ro对照品和竹节参皂苷IVa对照品，分别加60%甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照品溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-甲酸-水（4.5∶1.5∶0.1∶0.3）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上显相同颜色的斑点。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过8.0%（通则2302）。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过2.0%（通则2302）。

Assay 含量测定

Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler, acetonitrile as mobile phase A, 0.15% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase B, gradient elution was carried out as specified in the table below, the column temperature was 40°C, and the detection wavelength was 203nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 10,000 according to the ginsenoside Ro peak.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.15%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；柱温40°C，检测波长为203nm。理论板数按人参皂苷Ro峰计算应不低于10000。

Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备

Take an appropriate amount of ginsenoside Ro reference substance and bamboo ginsenoside IVa reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add 60% methanol respectively to make a solution containing 1.0mg per ml.
取人参皂苷Ro对照品和竹节参皂苷IVa对照品适量，精密称定，分别加60%甲醇制成每1ml含1.0mg的溶液，即得。

Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备

Take about 0.2g of the powder of this product (through the No. 2 sieve), weigh it accurately, place it in a plugged Erlenmeyer flask, add 25ml of 60% methanol accurately, weigh it, sonicate it at 25 °C (power 500W, frequency 28kHz) for 40 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate to obtain it.
取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加60%甲醇25ml，称定重量，25°C超声处理（功率500W，频率28kHz）40分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用60%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

Assay method 测定法

20μl of the reference solution and the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and measured.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

This product is calculated as a dry product, and the content of ginsenoside Ro (C48H76O19) and bamboo saponin IV.a (C42H66O14) shall not be less than 1.5% respectively.
本品按干燥品计算，含人参皂苷Ro（Ｃ48H76O19）和竹节参皂苷Ⅳa（Ｃ42H66O14）分别不得少于1.5%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Rhizoma Panacis Japonici 竹节参

Processing 炮制

Crush before use.
用时捣碎。

Property 性

Warm.
温。

Flavor 味

Sweet and slightly bitter.
甘、微苦。

归经 | Meridian tropism

Liver, spleen, and lung meridians.
归肝、脾、肺经。

Actions 功能

To promote blood circulation and stop bleeding, reduce swelling and relieve pain, resolve phlegm and stop coughing, and tonify deficiency and strengthen the body.
散瘀止血，消肿止痛，祛痰止咳，补虚强壮。

Indications 主治

Used for cough with blood-streaked sputum, injuries from falls or blows, cough with excessive phlegm, and post-illness weakness.
用于痨嗽咯血，跌扑损伤，咳嗽痰多，病后虚弱。

Dosage 用量

6-9g.
6～9g。

Administration 用法

None.
无。

Storage 贮藏

Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.
置通风干燥处，防蛀。

竹节参

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Japanese Ginseng is the dried rhizome of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from the main root, peeled, and dried.
本品为五加科植物竹节参Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.的干燥根茎。秋季采挖，除去主根和外皮，干燥。

Description 性状

Slightly cylindrical, somewhat curved. some with fleshy laternal roots, 5-22 cm long, 0.8-2.5 cm in diameter. Externally yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with dense transverse wrinkles and root scars. Nodes conspicuous, internodes 0.8-2 cm long, each showing a dented stem scar. Texture hard, fracture yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, showing yellow dotted vascular bundles arranged in a ring. Odour, slight taste, bitterish and then slightly sweet.
本品略呈圆柱形，稍弯曲，有的具肉质侧根。长5～22cm，直径0.8～2.5cm。表面黄色或黄褐色，粗糙，有致密的纵皱纹及根痕。节明显，节间长0.8～2cm，每节有1凹陷的茎痕。质硬，断面黄白色至淡黄棕色，黄色点状维管束排列成环。气微，味苦、后微甜。

Identification 鉴别

粉末黄白色至黄棕色。木纤维成束，直径约25µm，壁稍厚，纹孔斜裂缝状，有的交叉呈人字形。草酸钙簇晶多见，直径15～70µm。梯纹导管、网纹导管或具缘纹孔导管直径20～70µm。树脂道碎片偶见，内含黄色块状物。木栓组织碎片细胞呈多角形、长方形或不规则形，壁厚。淀粉粒众多，多单粒，呈类圆形，直径约10µm，或已糊化。
（1）本品橫切面：木栓层为2～10列细胞。皮层稍宽，有少数分泌道。维管束外韧型，环状排列，形成层成环。韧皮部偶见分泌道。木质部束略作2～4列放射状排列，也有呈单行排列；木纤维常1～4束，有的纤维束旁有较大的木化厚壁细胞。中央有髓。薄壁细胞中含众多草酸钙簇晶，直径17～70µm，并含淀粉粒。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过8.0%（通则2302）。

Prepared slices 饮片

Japanese Ginseng 竹节参

Processing 炮制

Pound to pieces before use.
用时捣碎。

Property 性

Warm.
温。

Flavor 味

Sweet and mild bitter.
甘、微苦。

Meridian tropism 归经

Liver, spleen, and lung meridians.
归肝、脾、肺经。

Actions 功能

To dissipate stasis, stanch bleeding, disperse swelling, relieve pain, dispel phlegm, suppress cough, replenish and strengthen the body after diseases.
散瘀止血，消肿止痛，祛痰止咳，补虚强壮。

Indications 主治

Cough caused by consumptive disease, hemoptysis, traumatic injuries, cough, profuse sputum, and weakness after recovering from an illness.
用于痨嗽咯血，跌扑损伤，咳嗽痰多，病后虚弱。

Dosage 用量

6-9 g.
6～9g。

Administration 用法

None.
无。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a ventilated place and protect from moth.
置通风干燥处，防蛀。