芒硝

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Mirabilite is the crystalline product of the processing and refining of the mineral mirabilite, which belongs to the mirabilite family of sulfate minerals. It mainly contains hydrated sodium sulfate (Na2SO4•10H2O).
本品为硫酸盐类矿物芒硝族芒硝，经加工精制而成的结晶体。主含含水硫酸钠（Na2SO4•10H2O）。

Description 性状

It occurs as prismatic, rectangular or irregular block or granule. It is colorless and transparent or white and translucent. It is brittle and easily broken, with a glassy luster on the fractured surface. It has a slight odor and a salty taste.
本品为棱柱状、长方形或不规则块状及粒状。无色透明或类白色半透明。质脆，易碎，断面呈玻璃样光泽。气微，味咸。

Identification 鉴别

The aqueous solution of the drug exhibits the identification reaction of sodium salts (General rule 0301) and sulfate salts (General rule 0301).
本品的水溶液显钠盐（通则0301）与硫酸盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。

Examination 检查

Iron salt and zinc salt 铁盐与锌盐

Take 5g of the sample, dissolve it in 20ml of water, add 2 drops of nitric acid, boil for 5 minutes, titrate with sodium hydroxide test solution, add 1ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, 1ml of potassium ferrocyanide test solution, and sufficient water to make 50ml. Shake well, let stand for 10 minutes, and there should be no turbidity or blue color.
取本品5g，加水20ml溶解后，加硝酸2滴，煮沸5分钟，滴加氢氧化钠试液中和，加稀盐酸1ml、亚铁氰化钾试液1ml与适量的水使成50ml，摇匀，放置10分钟，不得发生浑浊或显蓝色。

Magnesium salt 镁盐

Take 2g of the sample, dissolve it in 20ml of water, add 1ml of ammonia test solution and 1ml of disodium hydrogen phosphate test solution, and there should be no turbidity within 5 minutes.
取本品2g，加水20ml溶解后，加氨试液与磷酸氢二钠试液各1ml，5分钟内不得发生浑浊。

Chloride 氯化物

Take 0.20g of the sample, carry out the examination according to the law (General Rule 0801), compare it with the control solution made of 7.0ml of standard sodium chloride solution, and it should not be more concentrated (0.035%).
取本品0.20g，依法检查（通则0801），与标准氯化钠溶液7.0ml制成的对照液比较，不得更浓（0.035%）。

Loss on drying 干燥失重

Take the sample, dry it at 105°C to constant weight, and the loss on drying should be 51.0% to 57.0% (General Rule 0831).
取本品，在105℃干燥至恒重，减失重量应为51.0%～57.0%（通则0831）。

Heavy metals 重金属

Take 2.0g of the sample, dissolve it in 2ml of dilute acetic acid solution and sufficient water to make 25ml, carry out the examination according to the law (General Rule 0821, method 1), and the content of heavy metals should not exceed 10mg/kg.
取本品2.0g，加稀醋酸试液2ml与适量的水溶解使成25ml，依法检查（通则0821第一法），含重金属不得过10mg/kg。

Arsenic salt 砷盐

Take 0.20g of the sample, dissolve it in 23ml of water, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid, carry out the examination according to the law (General Rule 0822), and the content of arsenic should not exceed 10mg/kg.
取本品0.20g，加水23ml溶解后，加盐酸5ml，依法检查（通则0822），含砷量不得过10mg/kg。

Acidity and alkalinity 酸碱度

Take 1.0g of the sample, dissolve it in 20ml of water. Take 10ml, add 2 drops of methyl red indicator, and there should be no red color; take another 10ml, add 5 drops of bromothymol blue indicator, and there should be no blue color.
取本品1.0g，加水20ml使溶解。取10ml，加甲基红指示剂2滴，不得显红色；另取10ml，加溴麝香草酚蓝指示液5滴，不得显蓝色。

Assay 含量测定

Take the sample, dry it at 105°C to constant weight, take about 0.3g, accurately weigh it, dissolve it in 200ml of water, add 1ml of hydrochloric acid, boil with continuous stirring, and slowly add hot barium chloride test solution (about 20ml) until no precipitate is formed. Heat on a water bath for 30 minutes, let stand for 1 hour, filter with ashless filter paper or a Gooch crucible weighed accurately, wash the precipitate with water in portions until the washings no longer show a reaction for chloride, dry, and ignite to constant weight. Multiply by 0.6086 to obtain the weight of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in the test sample.
取本品，置105℃干燥至恒重后，取约0.3g，精密称定，加水200ml溶解后，加盐酸1ml，煮沸，不断搅拌，并缓缓加入热氯化钡试液（约20ml），至不再生成沉淀，置水浴上加热30分钟，静置1小时，用无灰滤纸或称定重量的古氏坩埚滤过，沉淀用水分次洗涤，至洗液不再显氯化物的反应，干燥，并炽灼至恒重，精密称定，与0.6086相乘，即得供试品中含有硫酸钠（Na2SO4）的重量。

Calculated on the dried product, the content of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) should not be less than 99.0%.
本品按干燥品计算，含硫酸钠（Na2SO4）不得少于99.0%。

Property 性

Cold.
寒。

Flavor 味

Salty and bitter.
咸、苦。

Meridian tropism 归经

Meridian tropism: Stomach and large intestine.
归胃、大肠经。

Actions 功能

To promote bowel movement, moisturize dryness, soften hardness, clear heat, and reduce swelling.
泻下通便，润燥软坚，清火消肿。

Indications 主治

Used for accumulation of excess heat, abdominal distension and pain, dry and hard stool, intestinal abscess and swelling pain; externally used for breast abscess, hemorrhoids, and swelling pain.
用于实热积滞，腹满胀痛，大便燥结，肠痈肿痛；外治乳痈，痔疮肿痛。

Dosage 用量

6-12g.
6～12g。

Administration 用法

Generally not used in decoction. Dissolve in the decoction after it is cooked and take orally. For external use, use an appropriate amount.
一般不入煎剂，待汤剂煎得后，溶入汤液中服用。外用适量。

Precautions 注意

Caution for pregnant women; avoid using it together with sulfur and Tribulus terrestris.
孕妇慎用；不宜与硫黄、三棱同用。

Storage 贮藏

Store in airtight containers, below 30°C, and protect from wind and weathering.
密闭，在30°C以下保存，防风化。

芒硝

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Sodium Sulfate is a crystalline substance purified from a mineral of sulfates of Glauber's salts group, containing mainly hydrated sodium sulfate (Na2SO4•10H2O).
本品为硫酸盐类矿物芒硝族芒硝，经加工精制而成的结晶体。主含含水硫酸钠（Na2SO4•10H2O）。

Description 性状

Prismatical, rectangular or irregular masses, and granules. Colourless and transparent, or almost white and translucent. Texture fragile and easily broken, fracture with glassy lustre. Odour, slight; taste, salty.
本品为棱柱状、长方形或不规则块状及粒状。无色透明或类白色半透明。质脆，易碎，断面呈玻璃样光泽。气微，味咸。

Identification 鉴别

The aqueous solution yields the reactions characteristic of sodium salts and sulfates <0301>.
本品的水溶液显钠盐（通则0301）与硫酸盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。

Examination 检查

Iron and Zinc 铁盐与锌盐

Dissolve 5 g of the drug in 20 ml of water, add 2 drops of nitric acid, boil for 5 minutes, neutralize with sodium hydroxide TS, then add 1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid TS, 1 ml of potassium ferrocyanide TS and a quantity of water to 50 ml, mix well. Allow to stand for 10 minutes, no turbidity or blue colour is produced.
取本品5g，加水20ml溶解后，加硝酸2滴，煮沸5分钟，滴加氢氧化钠试液中和，加稀盐酸1ml、亚铁氰化钾试液1ml与适量的水使成50ml，摇匀，放置10分钟，不得发生浑浊或显蓝色。

Magnesium 镁盐

Dissolve 2 g of the drug in 20 ml of water, add 1 ml of each of ammonia TS and disodium hydrogen phosphate TS, no turbidity is produced within 5 minutes.
取本品2g，加水20ml溶解后，加氨试液与磷酸氢二钠试液各1ml，5分钟内不得发生浑浊。

Loss on drying 干燥失重

When dried to constant weight at 105℃, loses 51.0-57.0 per cent of its weight <0831>.
取本品，在105℃干燥至恒重，减失重量应为51.0%～57.0%（通则0831）。

Heavy metals 重金属

Dissolve 2.0 g of the drug in 2 ml of dilute acetic acid TS, add a quantity of water to 25 ml, carry out the limit test for heavy metals <0821, method 1>, not more than 10 mg/kg.
取本品2.0g，加稀醋酸试液2ml与适量的水溶解使成25ml，依法检查（通则0821第一法），含重金属不得过10mg/kg。

Arsenic 砷盐

Dissolve 0.20 g of the drug in 23 ml of water, add 5 ml of hydrochloric acid, carry out the limit test for arsenic <0822>, not more than 10 mg/kg.
取本品0.20g，加水23ml溶解后，加盐酸5ml，依法检查（通则0822〉，含砷量不得过10mg/kg。

Assay 含量测定

Dissolve about 0.4 g of the drug, weighed accurately, in 200 ml of water, add 1 ml of hydrochloric acid, boil, and add about 20 ml of hot barium chloride TS with constant stirring until no more precipitate is produced. Heat on a water bath for 30 minutes, stand for 1 hour, filter through an ashless filter paper or a tared sintered glass filter. Wash the precipitate with water for several times until the washings show no reactions characteristic of chloride. Dry and ignite the precipitate to constant weight. Weigh accurately, multiply the weight by 0.6086 to obtain the content of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4).
取本品约0.4g，精密称定，加水200ml溶解后，加盐酸1ml，煮沸，不断搅拌，并缓缓加入热氯化钡试液（约20ml），至不再生成沉淀，置水浴上加热30分钟，静置1小时，用无灰滤纸或称定重量的古氏坩埚滤过，沉淀用水分次洗涤，至洗液不再显氯化物的反应，干燥，并炽灼至恒重，精密称定，与0.6086相乘，即得供试品中含有硫酸钠（Na2SO4）的重量。

Property and Flavor 性味与归经

Cold; salty and bitter. Stomach and large intestine meridians.
咸、苦，寒。归胃、大肠经。

Actions and Indications 功能与主治

To purge and relax the bowels, moisten dryness, soften hardness, clear fire, and disperse swelling. Accumulation and stagnation of excess heat, distention, pain and fullness in the abdomen, dry stool binds, intestinal abscess with swelling and pain. Topical application: Acute mastitis and painful swelling hemorrhoids.
泻下通便，润燥软坚，清火消肿。用于实热积滞，腹满胀痛，大便燥结，肠痈肿痛；外治乳痈，痔疮肿痛。

Administration and dosage 用法与用量

6-12 g, added to the prepared, decoction, usually not decocted. Appropriate amount for topical application.
6～12g，一般不入煎剂，待汤剂煎得后，溶人汤液中服用。外用适量。

Precautions and Warnings 注意

Used with caution during pregnancy. Incompatible with Sulfur and Sparganii Rhizoma.
孕妇慎用；不宜与硫黄、三棱同用。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a well closed container, store at a temperature below 30℃, and protect from efflorescing.
密闭，在30℃以下保存，防风化。