车前子

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Plantain Seed is the dried mature seed of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantaginaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the seed is ripe, removed from the spike, dried, and the impurities are removed.
本品为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的干燥成熟种子。夏、秋二季种子成熟时采收果穗，晒干，搓出种子，除去杂质。

Description 性状

Seeds elliptical, irregularly oblong or triangular oblong, slightly compressed, about 2 mm long and about 1 mm wide. Surface yellowish-brown to blackish-brown, with fine wrinkles, one side with grayish-white depressed hilum. Texture hard. Odour, slight; taste, bland.
本品呈椭圆形、不规则长圆形或三角状长圆形，略扁，长约2 mm，宽约1 mm。表面黄棕色至黑褐色，有细皱纹，一面有灰白色凹点状种脐。质硬。气微，味淡。

Identification 鉴别

(1)
（1）

Seed of Plantago asiatica 车前

Plantain Powder dark yellowish brown. The outer epidermal cells of the testa are square or slightly tangentially prolonged in cross-section, and the cell walls are mucilaginous. The inner epidermal cells of the testa are oblong in surface view, 5-19 μm in diameter, about 83 μm in length, thin-walled, microwave-like, often arranged in a mosaic. The endosperm cell wall is very thick, full of fine powdery grains.
粉末深黄棕色。种皮外表皮细胞断面观类方形或略切向延长，细胞壁黏液质化。种皮内表皮细胞表面观类长方形，直径5～19 μm，长约至83 μm，壁薄，微波状，常作镶嵌状排列。内胚乳细胞壁甚厚，充满细小糊粉粒。

Seed of Plantago depressa 平车前

The inner epidermal cells of the seed coat of Plantago depressa are small, 5-15 μm in diameter and 11-45 μm long.
种皮内表皮细胞较小，直径5～15 μm，长11～45 μm。

(2) Take 1 g of crude powder of this product, add 10 ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 2 ml of methanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Another take jingnipin sapogenins control product, mullein control product, add methanol were made into 1 ml each containing 1 mg of solution, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 5 μl, were spotted on the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, ethyl acetate - methanol - formic acid - water (18:2:1.5:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet light (254 nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, spots of the same colour were shown on the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control article; sprayed with 0.5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heated at 105℃ until the spots showed clear colour.
（2） 取本品粗粉1 g，加甲醇10 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取京尼平苷酸对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1 ml各含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5 μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸-水（18∶2∶1.5∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；喷以0.5%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过6.0%（通则2302）。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过2.0%（通则2302）。

Swelling index 膨胀度

Take 1 g of the sample, weigh accurately, and determine the swelling index according to the method for determination of swelling index <2101>. It should not be less than 4.0.
取本品1 g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于4.0。

Assay 含量测定

Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol as mobile phase A and 0.5% acetic acid solution as mobile phase B. Perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; detect at a wavelength of 254 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinic acid should not be less than 3000.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.5%醋酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为254 nm。理论板数按京尼平苷酸峰计算应不低于3000。

Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备

Take an appropriate amount of artemisinic acid reference substance and artemisinin reference substance, weigh accurately, place them in a brown volumetric flask, and add 60% methanol to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.1 mg of each substance per 1 ml.
取京尼平苷酸对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加60%甲醇制成每1 ml各含0.1 mg的混合溶液，即得。

Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备

Take about 1 g of the powder of the sample (passed through a No. 2 sieve), weigh accurately, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of 60% methanol, weigh accurately, heat under reflux for 2 hours, cool, weigh accurately again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
取本品粉末（过二号筛）约1 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入60%甲醇50 ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用60%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

Assay method 测定法

Accurately draw 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

Calculated on the dried product, the content of artemisinic acid (C16H22O10) should not be less than 0.50%, and the content of artemisinin (C29H36O15) should not be less than 0.40%.
本品按干燥品计算，含京尼平苷酸（C16H22O10）不得少于0.50%，毛蕊花糖苷（C29H36O15）不得少于0.40%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Plantago seed 车前子

Processing 炮制

Remove impurities.
除去杂质。

Appearance 性状

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Examination 检查

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Assay 含量测定

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Prepared Plantago seed with salt 盐车前子

Processing 炮制

Take the clean psyllium, according to the salt water roast method (General rule 0213) fried until the sound of bursting, sprayed with salt water, fried dry.
取净车前子，照盐水炙法（通则0213）炒至起爆裂声时，喷洒盐水，炒干。

Appearance 性状

This product is shaped like psyllium, with dark brown surface. Slightly fragrant, slightly salty taste.
本品形如车前子，表面黑褐色。气微香，味微咸。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Same as the crude drug, not more than 10.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过10.0%。

Total ash 总灰分

Same as the crude drug, not more than 9.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过9.0%。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Same as the crude drug, not more than 3.0 per cent.
同药材，不得过3.0%。

Swelling index 膨胀度

Take 1 g of the sample, weigh accurately, and determine the swelling index according to the method for determination of swelling index <2101>. It should not be less than 3.0.
取本品1 g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于3.0。

Assay 含量测定

Same as the crude drug, the content of artemisinic acid (C16H22O10) should not be less than 0.40%, and the content of artemisinin (C29H36O15) should not be less than 0.30%.
同药材，含京尼平苷酸（C16H22O10）不得少于0.40%，毛蕊花糖苷（C29H36O15）不得少于0.30%。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Property 性

Cold.
寒。

Flavor 味

Sweet.
甘。

Meridian tropism 归经

Meridian tropism: liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine.
归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。

Actions 功能

Clear heat, diuretic, promote urination, and relieve stranguria; leach dampness and stop diarrhea; improve vision and eliminate phlegm.
清热利尿通淋，渗湿止泻，明目，祛痰。

Indications 主治

Used for hot stranguria with pain, edema and fullness, summer dampness diarrhea, red and swollen eyes, and phlegm-heat cough.
用于热淋涩痛，水肿胀满，暑湿泄泻，目赤肿痛，痰热咳嗽。

Dosage 用量

9-15 g.
9～15 g。

Administration 用法

Decocted in a wrapped package.
包煎。

Storage 贮藏

Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.
置通风干燥处，防潮。

车前子

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Plantain Seed is the dried ripe seed of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantaginaceae). The fruit-spike is collected in summer and autumn when the seed is ripe, and dried in the sun. The seed is rubbed out and removed from foreign matter.
本品为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的干燥成熟种子。夏、秋二季种子成熟时采收果穂，晒干，搓出种子，除去杂质。

Description 性状

Ellipsoid, irregularly oblong or triangular oblong, slightly flattened, about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide. Externally yellowish-brown to dark brown, with fine wrinkles, and a greyish-white concave pointed hilum on one side. Texture hard. Odour, slight； taste, weak.
本品呈椭圆形、不规则长圆形或三角状长圆形，略扁，长约2mm，宽约1mm。表面黄棕色至黑褐色，有细皱纹，一面有灰白色凹点状种脐。质硬。气微，味淡。

Identification 鉴别

粉末深黄棕色。种皮外表皮细胞断面观类方形或略切向延长，细胞壁黏液质化。种皮内表皮细胞表面观类长方形，直径5～19μm，长约至83μm，壁薄，微波状，常作镶嵌状排列。内胚乳细胞壁甚厚，充满细小糊粉粒。
（1）车前

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过6.0%（通则2302）。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过2.0%（通则2302）。

Swelling Capacity 膨胀度

Weigh accurately 1 g of the drug, carry out the method for determination of sweling capacity<2101>. Not less than 4.0.
取本品1g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于4.0。

Assay 含量测定

Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.5%醋酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按京尼平苷酸峰计算应不低于3000。

时间（分钟） 流动相A（%） 流动相B（%）

0～1
1～40
40～50 5
5→60
5 95
95→40
95

取京尼平苷酸对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加60%甲醇制成每1ml各含0.1mg的混合溶液，即得。
对照品溶液的制备

Prepared slices 饮片

Plantain Seed 车前子

Processing 炮制

Eliminate foreign matter.
除去杂质。

Description 性状

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

Identification 鉴别

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

Examination 检查

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

Assay 含量测定

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

Plantaginis Semen (processed with salt) 盐车前子

Stir-bake the clean Plantaginis Semen as described under the method for processing with salt-water<0213> until it cracks, spray with salt-water and stir-bake to dryness.
取净车前子，照盐水炙法（通则0213）炒至起爆裂声时，喷洒盐水，炒干。

It is similar to plantain seed in shape, externally dark brown. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly salty.
本品形如车前子，表面黑褐色。气微香，味微咸。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
同药材，不得过10.0%。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 9.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
同药材，不得过9.0%。

Acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分

Not more than 3.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
同药材，不得过3.0%。

Swelling Capacity 膨胀度

Weigh accurately 1 g of the drug, carry out the method for determination of swelling capacity<2101>, not less than 3.0.
取本品1g，称定重量，照膨胀度测定法（通则2101）测定，应不低于3.0。

Assay 含量测定

As required for the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.40 per cent of geniposidic acid(CHO)and not less than 0.30 per cent of verbascoside(CHO).
同药材，含京尼平苷酸（C16H22O10）不得少于0.40%，毛蕊花糖苷（C29H36O15）不得少于0.30%。

Identification 鉴别

As required for the crude drug.
同药材。

Property and Flavor 性味与归经

Cold; sweet. Liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine meridians.
甘，寒。归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。

Actions 功能与主治

To clear heat, disinhibit urine, relieve stranguria, drain dampness, stop diarrhea, improve vision, and dispel phlegm.
清热利尿通淋，渗湿止泻，明目，祛痰。

Indications 主治

Heat strangury with chronic pain, edema distention, fullness, and diarrhea caused by summerheat-dampness(CHO)red painful swelling eyes, and phlegm-heat cough.
用于热淋涩痛，水肿胀满，暑湿泄泻，目赤肿痛，痰热咳嗽。

Administration and dosage 用法与用量

9-15 g, wrap-boiling.
9～15g，包煎。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.
置通风干燥处，防潮。