乌梅

English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

Overview 概述

Mume Fruit is the dried nearly ripe fruit of Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. et Zucc. (Fam. Rosaceae). The fruit is collected in summer when nearly ripe, dried at low temperature, and then stored until it turns black.
本品为蔷薇科植物梅Prunus mume（Sieb.）Sieb.etZucc.的干燥近成熟果实。夏季果实近成熟时采收，低温烘干后闷至色变黑。

Description 性状

Mume Fruit is nearly spherical or oblate, measuring 1.5-3 cm in diameter. The surface is black or dark brown, wrinkled and uneven, with a circular fruit stalk scar at the base. The stone is hard, elliptical, and brownish-yellow with concave points on the surface. The seed is flat-ovate and pale yellow. It has a slight odor and an extremely sour taste.
本品呈类球形或扁球形，直径1.5～3 cm。表面乌黑色或棕黑色，皱缩不平，基部有圆形果梗痕。果核坚硬，椭圆形，棕黄色，表面有凹点；种子扁卵形，淡黄色。气微，味极酸。

Identification 鉴别

(1) The powder of Mume Fruit is reddish-brown. The inner fruit peel contains numerous stone cells, which are either scattered or grouped in several clusters. They are colorless or pale greenish-yellow, polygonal or circular, or elongated in shape, with a diameter of 10-72 μm. The cells have thick walls and fine pits, often containing reddish-brown substances. The non-glandular hairs are single cells, slightly curved or hook-shaped, and the cell cavities often contain yellowish-brown substances. The stone cells of the seed coat are brownish-yellow or reddish-brown. When viewed from the side, they are shell-shaped, helmet-shaped, or elongated with a wider base. The outer wall is crescent-shaped or arched, and the layer pattern is fine. The epidermal cells of the fruit peel are light yellowish-brown and appear polygonal. The walls are slightly thick, and non-glandular hairs or traces of fallen hairs are often seen.
（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮石细胞极多，单个散在或数个成群，几无色或淡绿黄色，类多角形、类圆形或长圆形，直径10～72 μm，壁厚，孔沟细密，常内含红棕色物。非腺毛单细胞，稍弯曲或作钩状，胞腔多含黄棕色物。种皮石细胞棕黄色或棕红色，侧面观呈贝壳形、盔帽形或类长方形，底部较宽，外壁呈半月形或圆拱形，层纹细密。果皮表皮细胞淡黄棕色，表面观类多角形，壁稍厚，非腺毛或毛茸脱落后的痕迹多见。

(2) Take 5 g of the powder, add 30 ml of methanol, and sonicate for 30 minutes. Filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 20 ml of water, extract with two 20 ml portions of ether, combine the ether extracts, and evaporate to dryness. Soak the residue twice with 15 ml of petroleum ether (30-60°C) (each time for about 2 minutes), decant the petroleum ether, and dissolve the residue in 2 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take another 5 g of Mume Fruit as the reference material and prepare a reference material solution using the same method. Take ursolic acid CRS as the reference substance and prepare a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate-formic acid (20:5:8:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-2 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference material and the reference solution.
（2）取本品粉末5 g，加甲醇30 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20 ml使溶解，加乙醚振摇提取2次，每次20 ml，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣用石油醚（30～60℃）浸泡2次，每次15 ml（浸泡约2分钟），倾去石油醚，残渣加无水乙醇2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取乌梅对照药材5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取熊果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1～2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20:5:8:0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过5.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 24.0 per cent.
照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于24.0%。

Assay 含量测定

Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 色谱条件与系统适用性试验

Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3:97) (adjust the pH value to 3.0 with phosphoric acid) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 210 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of citric acid should not be less than 7000.
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢铵溶液（3:97）（用磷酸调节pH值至3.0）为流动相；检测波长为210 nm。理论板数按枸橼酸峰计算应不低于7000。

Preparation of reference solution 对照品溶液的制备

Take an appropriate amount of citric acid reference substance, accurately weigh, add water to make a solution containing 0.5 mg per 1 ml, and set aside.
取枸橼酸对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，即得。

Preparation of test solution 供试品溶液的制备

Take about 0.2 g of the coarsest powder of the test substance, accurately weigh, accurately add 50ml of water, weigh again, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with water, shake well, centrifuge, and take the supernatant.
取本品最粗粉约0.2 g，精密称定，精密加入水50 ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水补足减失的重量，摇匀，离心，取上清液，即得。

Method of determination 测定法

Accurately draw 10 μl of the reference solution and 5 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
分别精密吸取对照品溶液10 μl与供试品溶液5 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

Calculated on the dried product, the content of citric acid (C6H8O7) should not be less than 12.0 per cent.
本品按干燥品计算，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于12.0%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Fructus Mume 乌梅

Processing 炮制

Remove impurities from Fructus Mume, wash it clean, and dry it.
除去杂质，洗净，干燥。

Description 性状

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Identification 鉴别

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Extractives 浸出物

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Assay 含量测定

Same as the crude drug.
同药材。

Fructus Mume (Flesh) 乌梅肉

Processing 炮制

Take clean Fructus Mume, moisten it with water to make it soft or steam it until soft, and remove the pit.
取净乌梅，水润使软或蒸软，去核。

Fructus Mume (Charred) 乌梅炭

Processing 炮制

Take clean Fructus Mume, stir-fry it according to the method of charring <0213> until the skin and flesh are swollen.
取净乌梅，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至皮肉鼓起。

Description 性状

The product is shaped like Fructus Mume, with swollen skin and flesh and a charred black surface. It tastes sour with a slight bitterness.
本品形如乌梅，皮肉鼓起，表面焦黑色。味酸略有苦味。

Extractives 浸出物

Same as the crude drug, not less than 18.0 per cent.
同药材，不得少于18.0%。

Assay 含量测定

Same as the crude drug, the content of citric acid (C6H8O7) should not be less than 6.0 per cent.
同药材，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于6.0%。

Identification 鉴别

(Except for microscopic powder) Same as the crude drug.
（除显微粉末外）同药材。

Property 性

Neutral.
平。

Toxicity 毒性

None.
无。

Flavor 味

Sour and astringent.
酸、涩。

Meridian tropism 归经

Liver, spleen, lung, and large intestine meridians.
归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。

Actions 功能

To astringe the lung, bind the intestines, generate body fluids, and expel roundworms.
敛肺，涩肠，生津，安蛔。

Indications 主治

Used for chronic cough due to lung deficiency, chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, deficiency heat with excessive thirst, roundworm-induced abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
用于肺虚久咳，久泻久痢，虚热消渴，蛔厥呕吐腹痛。

Dosage 用量

6-12 g.
6～12 g。

Administration 用法

None.
无。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.
置阴凉干燥处，防潮。

乌梅

Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》

Overview 概述

Smoked Plum is the almost ripe and dried fruit of Prunus mume(Sieb.)Sieb.et zucc.(Fam.Rosa-ceae).The drug is collected in summer when almost ripe, baked at a low temperature, and covered until turns to black in colour.
本品为蔷薇科植物梅Prunus mume（Sieb.）Sieb. et Zucc.的干燥近成熟果实。夏季果实近成熟时采收，低温烘干后闷至色变黑。

Description 性状

Subspheroial or flattened-spheroidal, 1.5-3 cm in diameter. Externally black or brownish-black, shrunken and uneven, with a rounded fruit stalk scar at the base. Kern hard, ellipsoidal, brownish-yellow, with dented spots on surface；seeds flattened-ovoid, pale yellow.Odour, slight；taste, extremely sour.
本品呈类球形或扁球形，直径1.5～3cm。表面乌黑色或棕黑色，皱缩不平，基部有圆形果梗痕。果核坚硬，椭圆形，棕黄色，表面有凹点；种子扁卵形，淡黄色。气微，味极酸。

Identification 鉴别

（2）取本品粉末5g，加甲醇30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20ml使溶解，加乙醚振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣用石油醚（30～60℃）浸泡2次，每次15ml（浸泡约2分钟），倾去石油醚，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取乌梅对照药材5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取熊果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20：5：8：0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮石细胞极多，单个散在或数个成群，几无色或淡绿黄色，类多角形、类圆形或长圆形，直径10～72μm，壁厚，孔沟细密，常内含红棕色物。非腺毛单细胞，稍弯曲或作钩状，胞腔多含黄棕色物。种皮石细胞棕黄色或棕红色，侧面观呈贝壳形、盔帽形或类长方形，底部较宽，外壁呈半月形或圆拱形，层纹细密。果皮表皮细胞淡黄棕色，表面观类多角形，壁稍厚，非腺毛或毛茸脱落后的痕迹多见。

Examination 检查

Water 水分

Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
不得过16.0%（通则0832）第二法。

Total ash 总灰分

Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.
不得过5.0%（通则2302）。

Extractives 浸出物

Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 24.0 per cent.
照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于24.0%。

Assay 含量测定

Assay Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢铵溶液（3：97）（用磷酸调节pH值至3.0）为流动相；检测波长为210nm。理论板数按枸橼酸峰计算应不低于7000。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验

取枸橼酸对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，即得。
对照品溶液的制备

取本品最粗粉约0.2g，精密称定，精密加入水50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水补足减失的重量，摇匀，离心，取上清液，即得。
供试品溶液的制备

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
测定法

It contains not less than 12.0 per cent of citric acid (C6H8O7), calculated with reference to the dried drug.
本品按干燥品计算，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于12.0%。

Prepared slices 饮片

Smoked Plum 乌梅

Processing 炮制

Eliminate foreign matter, wash, and dry.
除去杂质，洗净，干燥。

Description 性状

Description and Identification As required for the crude drug.
【鉴别】【浸出物】【含量测定】同药材。

Pulp of Smoked Plum 乌梅肉

Pulp of Mume Fructus Soften the clean Mume Fructus with water or by steaming, removed from kernels.
取净乌梅，水润使软或蒸软，去核。

Mume Fructus (carbonized) 乌梅炭

Mume Fructus (carbonized) Stir-bake the clean Mume Fructus as described under the method for carbonizing by stir-baking <0213> until pericarp and pulp bulged.
取净乌梅，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至皮肉鼓起。

Similar to the crude drug in shape, pericarp and pulp raised, externally charred black. Taste, sour and slightly bitter.
本品形如乌梅，皮肉鼓起，表面焦黑色。味酸略有苦味。

Extractives Not less than 18.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
【浸出物】同药材，不得少于18.0%。

Assay It contains not less than 6.0 per cent of citric acid (C6H8O7), following the method for the crude drug.
【含量测定】同药材，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于6.0%。

Identification As required for the crude drug except for the power.
【鉴别】（除显微粉末外）同药材。

Property and Flavor 性味与归经

Neutral ; sour and astringent. Liver, spleen, lung and large intestine meridians.
酸、涩，平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。

Actions 功能与主治

To astringe the lung and intestines, engender fluid, and quiet ascaris. Chronic cough caused by lung deficiency, chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, deficient fever, diabetes, abdominal pain caused by roundworm, and vomiting.
敛肺，涩肠，生津，安蛔。用于肺虚久咳，久泻久痢，虚热消渴，蛔厥呕吐腹痛。

Administration and dosage 用法与用量

6-12 g.
6～12g。

Storage 贮藏

Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.
置阴凉干燥处，防潮。