This product is the dried secretion of the amphibians Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider from the Bufonidae family. Toads are often captured in the summer and autumn seasons, cleaned, and the white fluid from the glands behind the ears and skin is extracted, processed, and dried.
NMM ID | nmm-0240 |
Systematic Name | Bufo bufo vel Duttaphrynus melanostictus Secretion |
Systematic Chinese Name | 大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍分泌物（dà chán chú huò hēi kuàng chán chú fēn mì wù） |
Generic Name | Chan-su |
Generic Chinese Name | 蟾酥（chán sū） |
NMM Type | animal |
Species Origins | Bufo bufo | 大蟾蜍orDuttaphrynus melanostictus | 黑眶蟾蜍 |
Medicinal Parts | secretion | 分泌物 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried secretion of the amphibians Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider from the Bufonidae family. Toads are often captured in the summer and autumn seasons, cleaned, and the white fluid from the glands behind the ears and skin is extracted, processed, and dried. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
蟾酥
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Venenum Bufonis is the dried secretion of the auricular and skin glands of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider (Fam. Bufonidae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, when the toads are abundant, and is squeezed out, washed, processed, and dried.
Description
Venenum Bufonis occurs as flattened roundish masses or pieces. The former is hard and not easily broken, with a brownish-brown fracture surface, horny and slightly lustrous; the latter is brittle and easily broken, with a reddish-brown fracture surface, semi-transparent. It has a slight fishy odor, initially sweet and then with a persistent spicy sensation. The powder causes sneezing when smelled.
Identification
When the section of the drug is moistened with water, it becomes raised and milky white.
Take 0.1g of the powder, add 5ml of methanol, soak for 1 hour, filter, add a small amount of solid p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to the filtrate, and then add a few drops of sulfuric acid. The solution turns blue-purple.
Take 0.1g of the powder, add 5ml of chloroform, soak for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in a small amount of acetic anhydride, and then add sulfuric acid. The solution initially turns blue-purple and gradually changes to blue-green.
To prepare the test solution, take 10ml of the solution obtained in the Assay section, evaporate to dryness in a water bath, dissolve in 2ml of methanol. Prepare the reference solution by taking 0.2g of the reference drug, adding 10ml of methanol, heating under reflux for 30 minutes, filtering, and using the filtrate as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane, chloroform, and acetone (4:3:3) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat until the spots are clearly visible, and examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The chromatogram obtained with the test solution shows spots or fluorescent spots of the same color as those obtained with the reference drug in corresponding positions.
Chromatographic Fingerprint
The determination is performed by high-performance liquid chromatography according to the method described in Assay.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Same as the Assay section.
Preparation of reference solutions
Take 25mg of the reference drug, prepare the reference solution of the reference drug according to the method described in the Assay section; take the reference solution of the reference drug described in the Assay section as the reference solution of the reference drug.
Preparation of test solution
Take the test solution described in the Assay section, and the test solution is obtained.
Assay method
Precisely aspirate 5μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
The test solution should exhibit 5 characteristic peaks, which should correspond to the 5 characteristic peaks in the chromatogram of the reference drug. Peak 4 should have the same retention time as the peak of venenum bufonis toxin in the reference drug.
Examination
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Assay
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; acetonitrile as mobile phase A, 0.3% acetic acid solution as mobile phase B, perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table below; column temperature is 30°C; flow rate is 0.6 ml per minute; detection wavelength is 296 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of hucansu toxin should not be less than 10000.
Preparation of reference solution
Take an appropriate amount of hucansu toxin reference substance, accurately weigh, dissolve in methanol to obtain a solution containing 100 μg per 1 ml.
Preparation of test solution
Take about 25 mg of this product powder, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20 ml of methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
Assay method
Precisely aspirate 10 μl of the above-mentioned reference solution and 10-20 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph for determination. Take hucansu toxin reference substance as the reference, and calculate the relative retention time of chansudin and lipophilic chansudin based on its corresponding peak. The relative retention time should be within the range of ±5% of the specified value. The relative retention time and correction factor are shown in the table below.
Take hucansu toxin reference substance as the reference, multiply by the correction factor respectively, and calculate the content of hucansu toxin, chansudin, and lipophilic chansudin.
Calculated on the dried product basis, the total content of chansudin (C24H34O4), hucansu toxin (C26H34O6), and lipophilic chansudin (C24H32O4) should not be less than 7.0%.
Prepared slices
Toad Venom powder
Processing
Take toad venom, crush it, soak it in white wine, stir it frequently until it becomes a thick paste, dry it, and grind it into powder.
For every 10kg of toad venom, use 20kg of white wine.
Property
This product is brownish-yellow to brown powder. It has a slight fishy odor and a sweet taste followed by a persistent spicy sensation. It can cause sneezing when smelled.
Examination
Water
Not more than 8.0 per cent, same as the crude drug.
Identification
(2)(3)(4) are the same as the crude drug.
Characterisation mapping
Same as the crude drug.
Assay
Same as the crude drug.
Property
warm.
Toxicity
Toxic.
Flavor
Pungent.
Meridian tropism
Meridian tropism: Heart meridian.
Actions
Detoxification, pain relief, opening the orifices and awakening the mind.
Indications
Used for carbuncles, furuncles, sore throat, heatstroke with loss of consciousness, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Dosage
0.015-0.03 g.
Administration
Often used in pill or powder form. For external use, use an appropriate amount.
Precautions
Caution for pregnant women.
Storage
Store in a dry place, protected from moisture.
蟾酥
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Toad Venom is the dried secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider (Fam. Bufonidae). Usually the toad is collected in summer or autumn, washed clean. The white serous fluid of the parotid glands and skin glands is squeezed out, processed, and dried.
Description
In flattened and rounded masses or slices, brown or reddish-brown. Texture of the mass hard, uneasily broken, fracture brown, cuticuloid, slightly lustrous. Texture of the slice fragile, easily broken, fracture reddish-brown, translucent. Odour, slightly stinking taste sweet at first, persistently tingling and pungent latter. Sneeze on smelling the powder.
Identification
(1) A creamy white bump is produced on the fracture when touching water.
(2) Macerate 0.1 g of the powder in 5 ml of methanol for 1 hour, filter. To the filtrate add a small quantity of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and several drops of sulfuric acid, a bluish-violet colour is produced.
(3) Macerate 0.1g of the powder in 5 ml of chloroform for 1 hour, filter,evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in a small quantity of acetic anhydride, add sulfuric acid dropwise, a bluish-violet colour is produced, which turns gradually to bluish-green.
(4) Heat 0.2 g of the powder with 10 ml of ethanol under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, transfer the filtrate to a 10 ml volumetric flask and add ethanol to volume as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 0.2 g of Bufonis Venenum reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Dissolve a quantity of resibufogenin CRS and cinobufagin CRS in ethanol separately to produce two solutions each containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane, chloroform and acetone (4 : 3 : 3) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above four solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat to spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution, one green and one red spots shown in the chromatogram of the test solution correspond in position to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solutions.
Examination
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Assay
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of 0.5% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile <5050> (adjust to pH 3.2 with phosphoric acid) as the mobile phase. As detector spectrophotometer set at 296 nm. The temperature of the column is 40℃. The numbers of theoretical plates of the column are not less than 4000, calculated with references to the peaks of cinobufagin and resibufogenin, respectively.
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of cinobufagin CRS and resibufogenin CRS respectively, weighed accurately, in methanol to prepare two solutions each containing 50 μg per ml.
Test solution Weigh accurately 25 mg of the fine powder into a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 20 ml of methanol and weigh. Heat under reflux for 1 hour, allow to stand to cool, weigh again, replenish the loss of the solvent with methanol and mix well. Filter and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.
Procedures Accurately inject 2 μl of each of the above two reference solutions and the test solution into the column, and calculate the content.
It contains not less than 6.0 per cent of the total amount of cinobufagin (C26H34O6) and resibufogenin (C24H32O4) calculated with reference to the dried drug.
Prepared slices
Bufonis Venenum (powdered)
Processing Bufonis Venenum (powdered) Break Bufonis Venenum to pieces, macerate with white rice wine, frequently stir until become concentrated extract, dry and pulverize.
To each 10 kg of Bufonis Venenum add 20 kg of white rice wine.
Property
Warm; pungent; toxic.
Flavor
Sweet at first, persistently tingling and pungent latter.
Meridian tropism
Heart meridian.
Actions
To remove toxin, relieve pain, open the orifices and lighten the spirit.
Indications
Abscesses and cellulitis, deep-rooted boil and sore, swollen sore throat, loss of consciousness caused by summerheat stroke, vomiting and diarrhea with abdominal pain in Shazhang (acute gastrointestinal infection).
Dosage
0.015-0.03 g, usually used in pills or powder. Appropriate amount for topical application.
Precautions and Warnings
Use with caution during pregnancy.
Storage
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moisture.
This product is the dried secretion of the amphibians Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider from the Bufonidae family. Toads are often captured in the summer and autumn seasons, cleaned, and the white fluid from the glands behind the ears and skin is extracted, processed, and dried.