This product is the dried root bark or bark of the Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a plant from the Simaroubaceae family. It can be peeled off and dried throughout the year, or the rough bark can be scraped off and dried.
NMM ID | nmm-01yu |
Systematic Name | Ailanthus altissima Bark-root or Bark-trunk |
Systematic Chinese Name | 臭椿根皮或干皮（chòu chūn gēn pí huò gàn pí） |
Generic Name | Chun-pi |
Generic Chinese Name | 椿皮（chūn pí） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Ailanthus altissima | 臭椿 |
Medicinal Parts | bark root | 根皮orbark trunk | 干皮 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried root bark or bark of the Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a plant from the Simaroubaceae family. It can be peeled off and dried throughout the year, or the rough bark can be scraped off and dried. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
椿皮
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Ailanthus Bark is the dried root bark or dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Fam. Simaroubaceae). It can be collected and peeled off throughout the year, dried in the shade, or scraped off the rough bark and dried.
Description
Root bark
Irregularly shaped or rolled pieces, varying in size, 0.3-1 cm thick. Outer surface grayish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal corky protuberances and irregular longitudinal and transverse fissures; when the rough bark is removed, it appears yellowish-white; inner surface pale yellow, relatively flat, densely dotted with oval or punctiform lenticels. Texture hard and brittle; fracture, granular in the outer layer and fibrous in the inner layer. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.
bark
Bark: Irregularly shaped plate-like pieces, varying in size, 0.5-2 cm thick. Outer surface grayish-black, extremely rough, deeply fissured.
Identification
(1) Powder of root bark: Pale grayish-yellow. Numerous stone cells, mostly rounded, square or irregular in shape, 24-96 μm in diameter, thick-walled, or with three thicker walls and one thinner wall, some containing calcium oxalate prisms in the cell cavity. Fibres 20-40 μm in diameter, with extremely thick walls, lignified. Calcium oxalate prisms 11-48 μm in diameter; cluster crystals up to about 48 μm in diameter. Starch grains mostly spheroidal or ellipsoidal, 3-13 μm in diameter.
Powder of bark: Grayish-yellow. Numerous fragments of cork cells, occasional calcium oxalate cluster crystals, no starch grains.
(2) To 2 g of the powder add 20 ml of ether, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference material of Ailanthus Bark in the same manner as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90°C) and ethyl acetate (4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference material.
Examination
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 11.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 5.0 per cent.
Prepared slices
Bark of Chinese Toon
Processing
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into shreds or sections, and dry in the sun.
Description
This product is irregular in shape, with a thread-like or segmental appearance. The outer surface is grayish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal skin-like protrusions and irregular longitudinal and transverse cracks. When the rough skin is removed, it appears yellowish-white. The inner surface is light yellow, relatively flat, and densely covered with shuttle-shaped pores or small dots. It has a slight aroma and a bitter taste.
Examination
Water
Not more than 10.0 per cent.
Total ash
Same as the medicinal material.
Acid-insoluble ash
Same as the medicinal material.
Extractives
Not less than 6.0 per cent <2201>.
Identification
Same as the medicinal material.
Stir-fried Bark of Chinese Toon
Take the shredded (or sectioned) bark of Chinese Toon, stir-fry it according to the method of stir-frying with bran <0213> until it turns slightly yellow.
Description
This product is similar to shredded (or sectioned) bark of Chinese Toon, with a yellow or brown surface and a slight aroma.
Examination
Water
Same as the medicinal material. Not more than 10.0 per cent.
Extractives
Same as the medicinal material. Not less than 6.0 per cent.
Identification
Same as the medicinal material.
Examination
Identification (Total ash Acid-insoluble ash) same as the medicinal material.
Property
cold.
Flavor
Bitter and astringent.
Meridian tropism
Large Intestine, Stomach, and Liver meridians.
Actions
To clear heat and dry dampness, astringe and stop abnormal vaginal discharge, stop diarrhea, and stop bleeding.
Indications
Used for abnormal vaginal discharge (leukorrhea), damp-heat diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, bloody stool, and metrorrhagia and metrostaxis.
Dosage
6-9 g.
Administration
None.
Storage
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth damage.
椿皮
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Tree-of-heaven Bark is the dried root bark or stem bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Fam. Simaroubaceae). The drug is collected all year round, dried in the sun or dried in the sun after removing the coarse bark.
Description
Root bark: Irregular pieces or quills, varying in size, 0.3-1 cm thick. Outer surface greyish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal lenticel-like prominences, and irregularly transverse and longitudinal fissures; outer surface of the drug free from rough bark, yellowish-white. Inner surface pale yellow, relatively even, densely covered with small spindle-shaped holes or spots. Texture hard and fragile; fracture granular at the outer part, fibrous at the inner part. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.
Stem bark: Irregular plates or pieces, varying in size, 0.5-2 cm thick. Outer surface greyish-black, very rough and deeply fissured.
Identification
（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙醚20ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取椿皮对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（4：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365mn）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
Examination
Water
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 11.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201>, the hot extraction method, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 5.0 per cent.
Prepared slices
Tree-of-heaven Bark
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slivers or sections, and dry.
Irregular slivers or sections. Outer surface greyish-yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with numerous longitudinal lenticel-like prominences, and irregularly transverse and longitudinal fissures; outer surface of the drug free from rough bark, yellowish-white. Inner surface pale yellow, relatively even, densely covered with small spindle-shaped holes or spots. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.
Examination
Water
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
Extractives
Not less than 6.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
Identification
As required for the crude drug.
Ailanthi Cortex (stir-baked 'with bran )
Stir-bake the slivers (sections) of Ailanthi Cortex as described under the method for stir-baking with bran <0213> until a slightly yellow colour is produced.
As described for slivers (sections) of Ailanthi Cortex under Processing. Externally yellow or brown. Odour, slightly aromatic.
Examination
Water
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
Extractives
Not less than 6.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
Identification
As required for the crude drug.
Property and Flavor
Cold; bitter, astringent. Meridian tropism: Large intestine, stomach, and liver meridians.
Actions and Indications
To clear heat, dry dampness, astringe to relieve abnormal vaginal discharge, stop diarrhea, and stanch bleeding. Indicated for red or white vaginal discharge, dampness-heat diarrhea and dysentery, chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, bloody stool, menstrual flooding and spotting.
Administration and Dosage
6-9 g.
Storage
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.
This product is the dried root bark or bark of the Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a plant from the Simaroubaceae family. It can be peeled off and dried throughout the year, or the rough bark can be scraped off and dried.