This product is the dried rhizome and root of the Umbelliferae plant Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang or Notopterygium franchetii H. de Boiss. It is harvested in spring and autumn, with the fibrous roots and soil removed, then dried in the sun.
NMM ID | nmm-0150 |
Systematic Name | Hansenia forbesii vel weberbaueriana Rhizome and Root |
Systematic Chinese Name | 宽叶羌活或羌活根茎与根（kuān yè qiāng huó huò qiāng huó gēn jīng yǔ gēn） |
Generic Name | Qiang-huo |
Generic Chinese Name | 羌活（qiāng huó） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Hansenia forbesii | 宽叶羌活orHansenia weberbaueriana | 羌活 |
Medicinal Parts | rhizome | 根茎androot | 根 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried rhizome and root of the Umbelliferae plant Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang or Notopterygium franchetii H. de Boiss. It is harvested in spring and autumn, with the fibrous roots and soil removed, then dried in the sun. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
羌活
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Notopterygium Rhizome and Root is the dried rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang or Notopterygium franchetii H. de Boiss. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from rootlets and sand, and dried in the sun.
Description
Notopterygium Rhizome and Root
It is cylindrical and slightly curved, 4-13 cm long, 0.6-2.5 cm in diameter, with a stem scar at the top. The surface is brownish-brown to blackish-brown, with the outer skin peeling off and appearing yellow at the peeled area. The internodes are shortened, forming closely raised rings, resembling silkworms, commonly known as "silkworm Qiang"; the internodes are elongated, resembling bamboo nodes, commonly known as "bamboo node Qiang". There are numerous point-like or tuberous root scars and brown broken scales on the nodes. The body is light, brittle, easily broken, with an uneven fracture surface and numerous cracks. The bark is yellowish-brown to dark brown, oily, with brown oil spots; the wood is yellowish-white, with obvious rays; the pith is yellow to yellowish-brown. It has a fragrant odor, slightly bitter and pungent taste.
Notopterygium franchetii
It is the rhizome and root. The rhizome is cylindrical, with a stem and leaf sheath residue at the top, and the root is conical, with longitudinal wrinkles and skin pores; the surface is brownish-brown, with dense rings near the rhizome, 8-15 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter, commonly known as "striped Qiang". Some rhizomes are thick and irregularly nodular, with several stem bases at the top, and the roots are thinner, commonly known as "big-headed Qiang". It is soft and brittle, easily broken, with a slightly flat fracture surface, light brown bark, and yellowish-white wood. It has a mild odor.
Identification
To 1 g of the powder add 5 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, let stand, and take the supernatant as the test solution. Take paeoniflorin CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a 3% solution of sodium acetate as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-4 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The blue fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.
Examination
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.
Chromatographic fingerprint
Determine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel (non-polar) as the filler (column length 250 mm, inner diameter 4.6 mm, particle size 5 μm); use acetonitrile as mobile phase A, 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase B, and perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; column temperature is 25°C; detection wavelength is 246 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinin should not be less than 18000.
Preparation of reference extract solution
Take 10 mg of reference extract of Artemisia annua, accurately weigh, place it in a 5 ml volumetric flask, dissolve it in methanol and dilute to the mark, shake well, and obtain.
Preparation of test solution
Take the test solution under the "content determination" section, and obtain.
Determination method
Precisely draw 10 μl of the reference extract solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine, record the chromatogram, and obtain.
The test chromatographic fingerprint should present chromatographic peaks corresponding to the retention times of the four major characteristic peaks in the reference extract.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.
Content determination
Volatile oil
Determine the volatile oil content by the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>.
The volatile oil content of this product should not be less than 1.4% (ml/g).
Artemisinin and isoimperatorin
Determine artemisinin and isoimperatorin by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (44:56) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength is 310 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinin should not be less than 5000.
Preparation of reference solution
Take an appropriate amount of artemisinin reference standard and isoimperatorin reference standard, accurately weigh, add methanol to prepare a mixed solution containing 60 μg of artemisinin and 30 μg of isoimperatorin per ml, and obtain.
Preparation of test solution
Take about 0.4 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of methanol, weigh, subject to ultrasonic treatment (power 250 W, frequency 50 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate, and obtain.
Determination method
Precisely draw 5 μl of the reference solution and 5-10 μl of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine, and obtain.
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of artemisinin (C21H22O5) and isoimperatorin (C16H14O4) in this product should not be less than 0.40%.
Prepared slices
Artemisia annua
Processing
Remove impurities, wash, soften, cut into thick slices, and dry.
Appearance
This product is round or irregularly shaped transverse or oblique slices, with brownish-brown to blackish-brown skin, brownish-brown outer surface of the cut surface, yellowish-white wood, and some visible radial texture. It is light and brittle. It has a fragrant aroma, a slightly bitter and pungent taste.
Examination
Water
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.
Total ash
Same as the crude drug.
Acid-insoluble ash
Same as the crude drug.
Identification
Same as the crude drug.
Chromatographic fingerprint
Same as the crude drug.
Extractives
Same as the crude drug.
Content determination
Same as the crude drug.
Property
Warm.
Flavor
Pungent, bitter.
Meridian tropism
Meridian tropism: bladder and kidney meridians.
Actions
Expel exterior cold, dispel wind and dampness, relieve pain.
Indications
Used for wind-cold common cold, severe headache, wind-dampness arthralgia, shoulder and back soreness.
Dosage
3-10 g.
Administration
None.
Storage
Store in a cool and dry place, and protect against moth.
羌活
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Incised Notopterygium Rhizome or Root is the dried rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T.Chang or Notopterygium franchetii H.de Boiss. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in spring and winter, removed from rootlet and soil, dried in the sun.
Description
Rhizome of Notopterygium incisum is cylindrical and somewhat curved, 4-13 cm long, 0.6-2.5 cm in diameter. Apex with stem scars. Externally brown to blackish-brown, the place where the outer bark fallen off appearing yellow. Internodes shortened, forming dense raised annulations like a silkworm (known as Canqiang); or internodes elongated like the nodes of a bamboo (known as Zhujieqiang). Nodes exhibiting numerous dotted or tuberculate root scars and brown broken scales. Texture light and fragile, easily broken. Fracture uneven, with clefts, bark yellowish-brown to dark brown, oily, with numerous brown oil dots, wood yellowish-white with distinct rays, pith yellow to yellowish-brown. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.
Rhizome and root of Notopterygium franchetii is rhizome subcylindrical, bearing remains of stems and leaf sheaths at the apex. Root subconical, longitudinally wrinkled and lenticellate; externally brown, with dense annulations near rhizome, 8-15 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter (known as Tiaoqiang). Some rhizomes large and stout, irregularly nodiform, apex bearing several stem bases, roots relatively thin (known as Datouqiang). Texture loose and fragile, easily broken. Fracture slightly even, bark pale brown, wood yellowish-white. Odour and taste relatively slight.
Identification
To 1 g of the powder add 5 ml of methanol, ultrasonicate for 20 minutes, stand and use the supernatant as the test solution. Dissolve nodakenin CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G mixed with a 3% solution of sodium acetate as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and methanol (8:2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-4 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.
Examination
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.
Characteristic chromatogram
Chromatographic system and system suitability: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel (non-hydrophilic) as the stationary phase (25 cm in length, 4.6 mm in inner diameter, 5 um in particle diameter) and use acetonitrile as the mobile phase A, 0.1% solution of phosphoric acid as mobile phase B, elute in gradient as the following:
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method), using ethanol as solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.
Assay
Volatile oil
It contains not less than 1. 4 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil.
Notopterol and isoimperatorin
Chromatographic system and system suitability: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and water (44 : 56) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 310 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 5000, calculated with reference to the peak of notopterol.
Prepared slices
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.
In subrounded or irregular transversely or obliquely cut slices. Externally brown to black, cut surface brown in outer side, yellowish-white in wood part, sometimes radiate striations visible. Texture light and fragile. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.
Property
Warm; pungent and bitter.
Flavor
Bitter and pungent.
Meridian tropism
Bladder and kidney meridians.
Actions
To release the exterior, dissipate cold, dispel wind, remove dampness, and relieve pain.
Indications
Common cold caused by wind-cold, headache, stiff nape, arthralgia caused by wind-dampness, sore pain in shoulder and back.
Dosage
3-10 g.
Administration
Oral administration.
Storage
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.
This product is the dried rhizome and root of the Umbelliferae plant Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang or Notopterygium franchetii H. de Boiss. It is harvested in spring and autumn, with the fibrous roots and soil removed, then dried in the sun.