This product is the dried mature seeds of the plantain family plants Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. The seed spikes are harvested during the summer and autumn when the seeds are mature, then dried, rubbed to remove the seeds, and impurities are removed.
NMM ID | nmm-00i4 |
Systematic Name | Plantago asiatica vel depressa Seed |
Systematic Chinese Name | 车前或平车前种子（chē qián huò píng chē qián zhǒng zi） |
Generic Name | Che-qian-zi |
Generic Chinese Name | 车前子（chē qián zǐ） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Plantago asiatica | 车前orPlantago depressa | 平车前 |
Medicinal Parts | seed | 种子 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | This product is the dried mature seeds of the plantain family plants Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. The seed spikes are harvested during the summer and autumn when the seeds are mature, then dried, rubbed to remove the seeds, and impurities are removed. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
车前子
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Plantain Seed is the dried mature seed of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantaginaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the seed is ripe, removed from the spike, dried, and the impurities are removed.
Description
Seeds elliptical, irregularly oblong or triangular oblong, slightly compressed, about 2 mm long and about 1 mm wide. Surface yellowish-brown to blackish-brown, with fine wrinkles, one side with grayish-white depressed hilum. Texture hard. Odour, slight; taste, bland.
Identification
(1)
Seed of Plantago asiatica
Plantain Powder dark yellowish brown. The outer epidermal cells of the testa are square or slightly tangentially prolonged in cross-section, and the cell walls are mucilaginous. The inner epidermal cells of the testa are oblong in surface view, 5-19 μm in diameter, about 83 μm in length, thin-walled, microwave-like, often arranged in a mosaic. The endosperm cell wall is very thick, full of fine powdery grains.
Seed of Plantago depressa
The inner epidermal cells of the seed coat of Plantago depressa are small, 5-15 μm in diameter and 11-45 μm long.
(2) Take 1 g of crude powder of this product, add 10 ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 2 ml of methanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Another take jingnipin sapogenins control product, mullein control product, add methanol were made into 1 ml each containing 1 mg of solution, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 5 μl, were spotted on the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, ethyl acetate - methanol - formic acid - water (18:2:1.5:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet light (254 nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, spots of the same colour were shown on the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control article; sprayed with 0.5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heated at 105℃ until the spots showed clear colour.
Examination
Water
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Swelling index
Take 1 g of the sample, weigh accurately, and determine the swelling index according to the method for determination of swelling index <2101>. It should not be less than 4.0.
Assay
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol as mobile phase A and 0.5% acetic acid solution as mobile phase B. Perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; detect at a wavelength of 254 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinic acid should not be less than 3000.
Preparation of reference solution
Take an appropriate amount of artemisinic acid reference substance and artemisinin reference substance, weigh accurately, place them in a brown volumetric flask, and add 60% methanol to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.1 mg of each substance per 1 ml.
Preparation of test solution
Take about 1 g of the powder of the sample (passed through a No. 2 sieve), weigh accurately, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of 60% methanol, weigh accurately, heat under reflux for 2 hours, cool, weigh accurately again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.
Assay method
Accurately draw 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
Calculated on the dried product, the content of artemisinic acid (C16H22O10) should not be less than 0.50%, and the content of artemisinin (C29H36O15) should not be less than 0.40%.
Prepared slices
Plantago seed
Processing
Remove impurities.
Appearance
Same as the crude drug.
Identification
Same as the crude drug.
Examination
Same as the crude drug.
Assay
Same as the crude drug.
Prepared Plantago seed with salt
Processing
Take the clean psyllium, according to the salt water roast method (General rule 0213) fried until the sound of bursting, sprayed with salt water, fried dry.
Appearance
This product is shaped like psyllium, with dark brown surface. Slightly fragrant, slightly salty taste.
Examination
Water
Same as the crude drug, not more than 10.0 per cent.
Total ash
Same as the crude drug, not more than 9.0 per cent.
Acid-insoluble ash
Same as the crude drug, not more than 3.0 per cent.
Swelling index
Take 1 g of the sample, weigh accurately, and determine the swelling index according to the method for determination of swelling index <2101>. It should not be less than 3.0.
Assay
Same as the crude drug, the content of artemisinic acid (C16H22O10) should not be less than 0.40%, and the content of artemisinin (C29H36O15) should not be less than 0.30%.
Identification
Same as the crude drug.
Property
Cold.
Flavor
Sweet.
Meridian tropism
Meridian tropism: liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine.
Actions
Clear heat, diuretic, promote urination, and relieve stranguria; leach dampness and stop diarrhea; improve vision and eliminate phlegm.
Indications
Used for hot stranguria with pain, edema and fullness, summer dampness diarrhea, red and swollen eyes, and phlegm-heat cough.
Dosage
9-15 g.
Administration
Decocted in a wrapped package.
Storage
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.
车前子
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)
Overview
Plantain Seed is the dried ripe seed of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. (Fam. Plantaginaceae). The fruit-spike is collected in summer and autumn when the seed is ripe, and dried in the sun. The seed is rubbed out and removed from foreign matter.
Description
Ellipsoid, irregularly oblong or triangular oblong, slightly flattened, about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide. Externally yellowish-brown to dark brown, with fine wrinkles, and a greyish-white concave pointed hilum on one side. Texture hard. Odour, slight； taste, weak.
Identification
粉末深黄棕色。种皮外表皮细胞断面观类方形或略切向延长，细胞壁黏液质化。种皮内表皮细胞表面观类长方形，直径5～19μm，长约至83μm，壁薄，微波状，常作镶嵌状排列。内胚乳细胞壁甚厚，充满细小糊粉粒。
Examination
Water
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.
Swelling Capacity
Weigh accurately 1 g of the drug, carry out the method for determination of sweling capacity<2101>. Not less than 4.0.
Assay
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.
色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.5%醋酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按京尼平苷酸峰计算应不低于3000。
时间（分钟） 流动相A（%） 流动相B（%）
0～1
1～40
40～50 5
5→60
5 95
95→40
95
取京尼平苷酸对照品、毛蕊花糖苷对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加60%甲醇制成每1ml各含0.1mg的混合溶液，即得。
Prepared slices
Plantain Seed
Processing
Eliminate foreign matter.
Description
As required for the crude drug.
Identification
As required for the crude drug.
Examination
As required for the crude drug.
Assay
As required for the crude drug.
Plantaginis Semen (processed with salt)
Stir-bake the clean Plantaginis Semen as described under the method for processing with salt-water<0213> until it cracks, spray with salt-water and stir-bake to dryness.
It is similar to plantain seed in shape, externally dark brown. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly salty.
Examination
Water
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
Total ash
Not more than 9.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
Acid-insoluble ash
Not more than 3.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.
Swelling Capacity
Weigh accurately 1 g of the drug, carry out the method for determination of swelling capacity<2101>, not less than 3.0.
Assay
As required for the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.40 per cent of geniposidic acid(CHO)and not less than 0.30 per cent of verbascoside(CHO).
Identification
As required for the crude drug.
Property and Flavor
Cold; sweet. Liver, kidney, lung, and small intestine meridians.
Actions
To clear heat, disinhibit urine, relieve stranguria, drain dampness, stop diarrhea, improve vision, and dispel phlegm.
Indications
Heat strangury with chronic pain, edema distention, fullness, and diarrhea caused by summerheat-dampness(CHO)red painful swelling eyes, and phlegm-heat cough.
Administration and dosage
9-15 g, wrap-boiling.
Storage
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.
This product is the dried mature seeds of the plantain family plants Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd. The seed spikes are harvested during the summer and autumn when the seeds are mature, then dried, rubbed to remove the seeds, and impurities are removed.