According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I, this NMM is the dried aerial part of the plant Artemisia annua L. of the family Asteraceae. It is harvested when the flowers are in full bloom in autumn, the old stems are removed, and it is dried in the shade.
NMM ID | nmm-0001 |
Systematic Name | Artemisia annua Part-aerial |
Systematic Chinese Name | 黄花蒿地上部（huáng huā hāo dì shàng bù） |
Generic Name | Qing-hao |
Generic Chinese Name | 青蒿（qīng hāo） |
NMM Type | plant |
Species Origins | Artemisia annua | 黄花蒿 |
Medicinal Parts | part aerial | 地上部 |
Special Descriptions | |
Processing Methods | |
Systematic Name Explanation | According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I, this NMM is the dried aerial part of the plant Artemisia annua L. of the family Asteraceae. It is harvested when the flowers are in full bloom in autumn, the old stems are removed, and it is dried in the shade. |
Generic Name Explanation | NMMGN follows the Chinese name of the relevant Chinese medicinal materials in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: 2020 edition: Volume I. |
Parent NMM | |
Child NMMs | |
Creators | |
Reviewers |
青蒿
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)
Overview
Sweet Wormwood Herb is the dried aerial part of Artemisia anmua L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in autumn at flowering, removed from older stem, and dried in the shade.
Description
Stems cylindrical, frequently branched at the upper part,30-80 cm long,2-6 mm in diameter; externally yellowish-green or brownish-yellow,with longitudinal ridges;texture slightly hard, easily broken,fracture medullated in the centre. Leaves alternate,dark green or brownish-green, rolled and crumpled, easily broken, when whole, 3-pinnatipartite,the segments and smaller segments oblong or long-elliptical, pubescent on both surfaces. Odour, characteristically aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.
Identification
To 3 g of the powder add 50 ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), heat under reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness,dissolve the residue in 30 ml of n-hexane. Extract with three 10 ml quantities of 20%acetonitrile solution,evaporate the combined extracts to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 0.5 ml of ethanol as the test solution. Dissolve artemisinin CRS in ethanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and ether(4:5)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Spray with a 2% solution of vanillin in 10%sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.
Examination
Water
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.
Total ash
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
Extractives
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent,not less than 1.9 per cent.
Prepared slices
Sweet Wormwood
Processing
Eliminate Foreign matter,spray with Water , soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.
Description
The product is an irregular segment, 0.5-1.5 cm long. the stem is cylindrical, the surface is yellow-green or brownish-yellow, with longitudinal ribs, slightly hard, yellowish-white on the cut surface, white pith. The leaf blade is crumpled or broken, dark green or brownish green, complete with three times pinnatipartite, the segments and lobules rectangular or long elliptic, both surfaces are covered with short hairs. Flowers yellow, gas aroma special, taste slightly bitter.
Property
Cold.
Flavor
Bitter and pungent.
Meridian tropism
Liver and gallbladder meridians.
Actions
To clear deficiency heat, relieve steaming bone, release summerheat, interrupt malaria, and abate jaundice.
Indications
Warm pathogen damaging yin,fever at night and cool in the morning, yin deficiency fever, bone-steaming and consumptive fever,fever induced by summer pathogen, malaria, and dampness-heat jaundice.
Dosage
6-12 g.
Administration
Add when the decoction is nearly done.
Storage
Preserve in a cool and dry place.
Sweet Wormwood Herb, also known as Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), is the dried aerial part of the plant Artemisia annua L. from the Compositae family. It is collected during autumn when the flowers are in full bloom, and the older stems are removed before being dried in the shade.
Description:
The stems of Sweet Wormwood Herb are cylindrical in shape, with multiple branches at the upper part. They can grow up to 30-80cm in length and have a diameter of 0.2-0.6cm. The surface of the stems is yellowish-green or brownish-yellow, with longitudinal ridges. The texture is slightly hard and easily breakable, with a medullated center. The leaves are alternate, dark green or brownish-green in color, and rolled and crumpled. When whole, the leaves are 3-pinnatipartite, with oblong or long-elliptical segments and smaller segments. Both surfaces of the leaves are covered in short hairs. Sweet Wormwood Herb has a characteristic aromatic odor and a slightly bitter taste.
Identification:
To identify Sweet Wormwood Herb, 3g of the powder is mixed with 50ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C) and heated under reflux for 1 hour. The mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 30ml of n-hexane. The extract is then combined with three 10ml portions of a 20% acetonitrile solution and evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 0.5ml of ethanol to create the test solution. A reference solution is prepared by dissolving artemisinin CRS in ethanol to produce a solution containing 1mg per ml. Thin layer chromatography is performed using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90°C) and ether (4:5) as the mobile phase. 5μl of each solution is separately applied to the plate. After development and removal of the plate, it is dried and sprayed with a 2% solution of vanillin in 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol. The plate is then heated at 105°C until the spots become clear and examined under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution should correspond in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.
Examination:
- Water content should not exceed 14.0%.
- Total ash should not exceed 8.0%.
- The extractives should not be less than 1.9%.
Prepared Slices:
To prepare Sweet Wormwood Herb, foreign matter is removed, and the herb is sprayed with water to moisten it slightly. It is then cut into sections and dried in the sun.
Property and Flavor:
Sweet Wormwood Herb has a cold property and a bitter and pungent flavor.
Meridian Tropism:
It belongs to the liver and gallbladder meridians.
Actions and Indications:
Sweet Wormwood Herb is used to clear deficiency heat, relieve steaming bone, release summer heat, interrupt malaria, and abate jaundice. It is indicated for conditions such as warm pathogen damaging yin, fever at night and cool in the morning, yin deficiency fever, bone-steaming and consumptive fever, fever induced by summer pathogen, malaria, and dampness-heat jaundice.
Administration and Dosage:
The recommended dosage of Sweet Wormwood Herb is 6-12g. It should be added when the decoction is nearly done.
Storage:
Sweet Wormwood Herb should be stored in a cool and dry place.
This product is the dried above-ground part of the plant Artemisia annua L., a member of the Asteraceae family. It is harvested in autumn when the flowers are in full bloom, the old stems are removed, and it is dried in the shade.